1. 海洋石油937中国石油十大进口来源国第1名:沙特阿拉伯,2020年石油进口价值280亿美元。沙特阿拉伯,位于亚洲中东地区,国土面积225万平方公里,截止2020年人口数量0.34亿人,2020年GDP总量7210亿美元,人均GDP20500美元。 中国石油十大进口来源国第2名:俄罗斯,2020年石油进口价值273亿美元。俄罗斯,位于亚洲地区,国土面积1709万平方公里,截止2020年人口数量1.46亿人,2020年GDP总量1.47万亿美元,人均GDP10062美元。 中国石油十大进口来源国第3名:伊拉克,2020年石油进口价值192亿美元。伊拉克,位于亚洲地区,国土面积43.83万平方公里,截止2020年人口数量0.42亿人,2020年GDP总量1639亿美元,人均GDP5361美元。 中国石油十大进口来源国第4名:巴西,2020年石油进口价值139亿美元。巴西,位于欧洲地区,国土面积851万平方公里,截止2020年人口数量2.1亿人,2020年GDP总量1.44万亿美元,人均GDP6796美元。 中国石油十大进口来源国第5名:安哥拉,2020年石油进口价值139亿美元。安哥拉,位于非洲地区,国土面积124.6万平方公里,截止2020年人口数量3180万人,2020年GDP总量558亿美元,人均GDP2656美元。 中国石油十大进口来源国第6名:阿曼,2020年石油进口价值128亿美元。阿曼,位于亚洲地区,国土面积30.9万平方公里,截止2020年人口数量462万人,2020年GDP总量763亿美元,人均GDP16000美元。 中国石油十大进口来源国第7名:阿联酋,2020年石油进口价值97亿美元。阿联酋,位于亚洲地区,国土面积8.36万平方公里,截止2020年人口数量957万人,2020年GDP总量3606亿美元,人均GDP38000美元。 中国石油十大进口来源国第8名:科威特,2020年石油进口价值89亿美元。科威特,位于亚洲地区,国土面积1.78万平方公里,截止2020年人口数量747万人,2020年GDP总量1250亿美元,人均GDP27000美元。 中国石油十大进口来源国第9名:美国,2020年石油进口价值63亿美元。美国,位于北美洲地区,国土面积937万平方公里,截止2020年人口数量3.33亿人,2020年GDP总量20.93万亿美元,人均GDP63400美元。 中国石油十大进口来源国第10名:挪威,2020年石油进口价值43亿美元。挪威,位于欧洲地区,国土面积38.5万平方公里,截止2020年人口数量537万人,2020年GDP总量4018亿美元,人均GDP75000美元。 2. 海洋石油937算不算大平台无为市,石油储量高达2亿吨以上。无为市的地理位置非常不错,地处长江下游北岸,距南京市120千米、距杭州300余千米。在皖江城市带承接产业转移示范区“长江轴”之上、“芜湖核”之内,处在南京都市圈、合肥经济圈、马芜铜经济圈的交汇区域。 别看无为市的名字看起来有点“随意”,但是却大有作为,因为这里有着煤炭、石油、天然气、铁、铜等多项矿产资源。其中煤炭储量7000多万吨,天然气储量达350亿立方米以上,石油储量更是高达2亿吨以上,其它矿产储量也是较为不错。 3. 海洋石油931音标是学习英语的第一步,想要学好音标需要认识音标、会读音标,这样以后才能认识单词。在学习音标前,我们要先知道国际音标有48个,元音有20个,辅音有28个,元音又分为单元音和双元音,单元音有12个,双元音有8个。 音标数目 在上表中,我们可以看到音标有48个,现在我们常说的国际音标也是48个。 可以点击下面链接学习音标。 《【48个英语音标示范读音-哔哩哔哩】 https://b23.tv/mt9vVaK》 元音部分 辅音部分 音标的分类 最实用的分类方式是:元音=长元音+短元音+双元音;辅音=清辅音+浊辅音。 英语一共有48个国际音标,包括20个元音,28个辅音。 20个元音包括5个长元音:/i:/、/ɜ:/、/u:/、/a:/、/ɔ:/; 7个短元音:[i] [ə] [ɔ] [u] [ʌ] [e] [æ]; 8个双元音:/eɪ、/aɪ/、/ɔɪ/、/ɪə/、/eə/、/ʊə/、/əʊ/、/aʊ/; 注意: 1、长元音顾名思义就是发的音比较长而饱满;短元音则发的音比较短而急; 2、双元音就是两个单元音拼在一起,成为组合音。双元音发音的特点是前面的单元音发音长,后面的发音比较短。 28个辅音包括:轻辅音/p/ /t/ /k/ /f/ /θ/ /s/ /ʃ/ /ts/ /tʃ/ /tr/ /h/ 浊辅音 /b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ /ð/ /z/ /ʒ/ /dz/ /dʒ/ /dr/ /r/ 鼻音 /m/ /n/ /ŋ/ 半元音 /j/ /w/ 边音 /ǀ/ 发音技巧 长元音 点击这个视频学习长元音发音。《【元音音标(长元音)-哔哩哔哩】 https://b23.tv/xz9mOz3》 5个长元音/i:/、/ɜ:/、/u:/、/a:/、/ɔ:/发音技巧。 (1)/i:/发音技巧: 发音时舌尖抵下齿,口形扁平。在发音的时候要尽量拉长,就像古人喝醉酒以后吟诗的感觉。 单词举例:bee [biː] n. 蜜蜂;see [siː] v. 看见,参看 (2)/ɜ:/发音技巧: /ɜ:/是长元音,近似于北京腔的“儿”话音,如“花儿”的“儿”。发好这个音,关键在于卷舌! 单词举例:shirt [ʃə:t] n. 衬衫,男士衬衫;nurse [nə:s] n. 护士,保姆 (3)/u:/发音技巧 发这个音时双唇用力向前突出,有点像拉长了音说“乌”,但要注意,“乌”的口形较扁。 单词举例:moon [mu:n] n. 月球,月亮;room [ruːm] n. 房间,空间 (4)/a:/发音技巧 发音时口张大,双唇稍收圆。发音时可以照着镜子,说“啊”,看看嘴巴张得够不够大,记得要将嘴巴尽量张大。 单词举例:ask [a:sk] v. 问,询问; far [fa:r] adj. 远的 (5)/ɔ:/发音技巧 发这个音时,双唇稍稍收圆,并向前突出,发音接近于汉语“嗷”。这是个长元音,记住:长元音一定要拉长,发出来才好听。 单词举例:door [dɔ:r] n. 门; short [ʃɔ:t] adj. 短的 短元音 点击这个视频学习短元音发音。《【【英语音标7个短元音/ʌ/ /ɒ/ /ə/ /ɪ/ /ʊ/ /e/ /æ/怎么读?】-哔哩哔哩】 https://b23.tv/fo9Bd5E》 7个短元音:/i/、/ə/、 /ɔ/、/u/、/ʌ/、/e/、/æ/ (1)/i/发音技巧 它是个短元音,发音要短促而轻快。 单词举例:big [bɪɡ] adj. 大的,庞大的;Fit [fit] v. 合身,适合于 (2)/ə/发音技巧 发音时舌身平放,双唇扁平。发这个音时不用卷舌。 单词举例:teacher [ˈtiːtʃə] n. 老师,教师; mother [ˈmʌðə] n. 母亲 (3)/ɔ/ 发音技巧 这是一个短元音,发音一定要短,发音比/ɔ:/短一些,双唇稍稍收圆,并向前突出。 单词举例:dog [dɔg] n.狗,家伙;hot [hɔt] adj. 热的,辣的 (4)/u/ 发音技巧 发音时双唇收圆,稍突出。就像发汉语中的“乌”,但没发完就给打断了一样。 单词举例:book [bʊk] n. 书,卷;cook [kʊk] vt. 烹调,煮 (5)/ʌ/ 发音技巧 发音时舌尖和舌端两侧轻触下齿,唇形稍扁,开口度较大。这个发音有点像发“啊”音时突然被谁卡住了脖子的感觉。 单词举例:brother['brʌðə(r)] n. 哥哥,弟弟;mother [ˈmʌðə] n. 母亲 (6)/e/发音技巧 发音时舌尖抵下齿,舌前部稍抬起,上下嘴张开的角度大约呈“45度”,同时发出声音。 单词举例:leg [leg] v. n. 腿,支柱; desk [desk] n. 书桌 (7)/æ/发音技巧 发音时,双唇向两边平伸,张开嘴,嘴唇放松逐渐压低舌头7和下颚,尽可能夸张。 单词举例:bad [bæd] :adj. 坏的,不好的;cat [kæt] :n. 猫,猫科动物 双元音 点击这个视频学习双元音发音。《【【英语基础】英语国际音标-8个双元音的发音-哔哩哔哩】 https://b23.tv/VQsPDdl》 8个双元音发音技巧:/eɪ/、/aɪ/、/ɔɪ/、/ɪə/、/eə/、/ʊə/、/əʊ/、/aʊ/ (1)/eɪ/发音技巧 该音是个双元音,发音时双唇稍扁,口形从半开到合。类似于英文字母“A”。 单词举例:say[sei] v.说;delay[diˈlei] n. 延迟 (2)/aɪ/发音技巧 发此音的关键是要把/a/音发足,接近于英文字母中的“I”。 单词举例:ice [ais] n. 冰,雪糕;side [said] n. 面,边 (3)/ɔɪ/发音技巧 发音时双唇从圆到扁,口形从开到合。接近于汉语发音“奥一”。 单词举例:oil [ɔil] n. 油,石油;noise [nɔɪz] n. 噪音,嘈杂声 (4)/ɪə/发音技巧 发声时,由第一个音[i]向[ə]集中,接近于汉语发音“一呃”。 单词举例:fear [fɪər] :n. 害怕,可能性;dear [dɪər] :adj. 亲爱的 (5)/eə/发音技巧 接近于汉语发音“哎呃”。 单词举例:bear [bɛə] :n. 熊;wear [wɛə] :vt. 穿着 (6)/ʊə/发音技巧 第一个是“短乌音”/u/,第二个是/ə/。类似于汉语发音“屋呃”。 单词举例:sure [ʃʊər] adj. 确信的,确实的;pure [pjʊər] adj. 纯的; 单纯的 (7)/əʊ/发音技巧 舌位由半低到高,口形由半开到小。接近于汉语发音“呃屋”。 单词举例: flow [fləu] :vi. 流;glow [ɡləʊ] :vi. 发光,灼热 (8)/aʊ/发音技巧 由第一个音向第二个音滑动,接近于汉语发音“啊屋”。 单词举例:cow [kaʊ] n. 奶牛,乳牛;hour [aʊər] n. 小时,钟头 辅音 点击这个视频学习辅音发音。《【英语音标(辅音部分),发音规则与技巧!美式发音,地道口语!清辅音,浊辅音!初级,零基础,欢迎新手!-哔哩哔哩】 https://b23.tv/dCgZVAA》 11个清辅音 /p/ /t/ /k/ /f/ /θ/ /s/ /ʃ/ /ts/ /tʃ/ /tr/ /h/ 11个浊辅音 /b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ /ð/ /z/ /ʒ/ /dz/ /dʒ/ /dr/ /r/ 注意: 清辅音:发音时送气,声带不颤动(颤不颤用手放在喉咙上就知道了) 浊辅音:发音时不送气(拿张纸放在嘴前,纸没有被吹开),声带颤动。 (1)/p/ /b/谐音分别为“普”、“卜”,都省去韵母成分 发音方法:/p/是清辅音,声带不振动;/b/是浊辅音,声带振动。 单词举例:/p/:pen [pen] n.钢笔;pin [pin] n.大头针 /b/:bike [baik] n.自行车;beg [beg] v.乞求 (2)/t/ /d/分别谐音“特”、“得”。 发音方法:/t/是清辅音,声带不振动;/d/是浊辅音,声带振动。 单词举例:/t/ :ten [ten] num; test [test] n. 试验, 考验 /d/: student [ˈstudnt] n.学生; date [deɪt] n.日期、日子、约见时间 v.注明日期、写上日期 (3)/k/ /g/分别谐音“可”、“嗝”。 发音方法:发音时舌后部隆起紧贴软颚,憋住气,然后突然分开,气流送出口腔,形成爆破音。/k/是清辅音,声带不要振动;/g/是浊辅音,声带需要振动。 单词举例:/k/ :kite [kait] n. 风筝;cake [keɪk] n. 蛋糕 /g/: glove [ɡlʌv] n. 手套;girl [ɡə:l] n. 女孩 (4)/f/ /v/ /f/谐音“府”,/v/就是北方人把W读成V那种感觉。 发音方法:发音前,上齿咬住下嘴唇,然后使气流由唇齿间的缝隙中通过,从而引起摩擦。 /f/是清辅音,发音时声带不震动;/v/是浊辅音,发音时声带振动。 单词举例:/f/:flower ['flaʊər] n. 花;fly [flai] vi.飞, 飞行 /v/:love [lʌv] v. 爱;seven [ˈsevən] num. 七 (5)/θ/ /ð/ 牙齿轻咬舌尖发出的音 发音方法:发音时,舌尖微微伸出,置于上下门齿之间,舌尖和下齿之间的气流通道非常窄小,气流从舌齿间的窄缝中通过。/θ/是清辅音,发音时声带不振动;/ð/是浊辅音,发音时声带振动。 单词举例:/θ/:three [θri:] num. 三; throw [θrəʊ] vi. 投掷 /ð/:this [ðɪs] pron. 这,这个,这里; mother [ˈmʌðə(r)] n. 母亲 (6)/s/ 谐音“丝”,/z/“zi” 发音方法:发音时舌端靠近齿龈,气流由舌端齿龈间送出。/s/是清辅音,声带不振动;/z/是浊浦音,声带振动。 单词举例:/s/:school [sku:l] n. 学校,学院;bus [bʌs] n. 公共汽车 /z/:please [pli:z] int.请;zoo [zu:] n.动物园 (7)/ts/ /dz/分别谐音“次”、“自” 发音方法:舌端先贴住上齿龈,堵住气流,气流送出口腔。/ts/是清辅音,声带不振动,/dz/是浊辅音,声带振动。 单词举例:/ts/:cats [kæts] n. 猫( cat的名词复数 );hats [hæts] n. 帽子( hat的名词复数 ) /dz/:hands [hændz] n.手;lands [lændz] n.陆地 (8)/tr/ /dr/分别谐音“戳”、“捉” 发音方法:舌尖贴齿龈后部,气流冲破阻碍发出短促的/t/后立即发/r/。/tr/是清辅音,声带不振动;/dr/是浊辅音,声带振动。 单词举例:/tr/ : tree [tri:] n. 树,木料;try [traɪ] vt.& vi. 试图 /dr/:dress [dres] n.连衣裙;drink [drɪŋk] v.喝酒 (9)/∫/ /ʒ/分别谐音“诗”、“日” 发音方法:/∫/是清辅音,声带不振动;/ʒ/是浊辅音,声带振动。 单词举例:/∫/:English [ˈɪŋglɪʃ] adj. 英格兰的; 英国的;rubbish [ˈrʌbɪʃ] n. 垃圾; /ʒ/:pleasure [ˈpleʒə] n.快乐,愉快;casual [ˈkæʒuəl] adj意外的,偶然的 (10)/t∫/ /dʒ/分别谐音“吃”、“之” 发音方法:发音时舌身抬高,舌端抵上齿龈后部,气流通过时发出破擦音。/t∫/是清辅音,声带不振动;/dʒ/是浊辅音,声带振动。 单词举例:/t∫/: chalk [tʃɔ:k] n. 粉笔;chair [tʃeər] n. 椅子 /dʒ/:page [peɪdʒ] n.页 ;age [eɪdʒ] n.年龄 (11)/h/ /r/分别谐音“呵”、“若”,省去韵母成分。 发音方法: 发/h/这个音时,嘴半开,气流从口腔不受阻碍而出,声带不振动,清辅音。 发/r/这个音时,舌端上卷,靠近上齿龈附近,嘴唇张开并保持略圆状态,气流从口腔涌出,声带振动,属于浊辅音。 单词举例: /h/: hair [heə(r)] n.头发;hate [heɪt] v.恨,厌恶 /r/: sorry ['sɒrɪ] v.对不起 ;write [raɪt] v.写 鼻音 点击这个视频学习鼻音发音。《【(21)鼻音 m n ŋ | 英语音标发音口型示范 | 美式发音-哔哩哔哩】 https://b23.tv/8P1jfXx》 (1)/m/谐音“恩” 发音方法:双唇紧闭,软腭下垂,气流从鼻腔发出,声带震动。闭口音。 单词举例:major [ˈmeɪdʒə(r)] adj.主要的;time [taɪm] n.时间 (2)/n/谐音“呢” 发音方法:舌尖顶住上齿龈,形成阻碍,气流从鼻腔发出,同时声带震动,开口音。 单词举例:nice [naɪc] adj.漂亮的;funny [ˈfʌni] adj.有趣的 (3)/ŋ/谐音“英”,省去声母部分 发音方法:发音时气流从鼻腔涌出,声带振动。 单词举例: think [θɪŋk] v.想;angel [ˈeɪndʒl] n.天使 边音 点击这个视频学习边音发音。《【真正的国际音标-边音 Lateral-哔哩哔哩】 https://b23.tv/G9C7X9F》 /l/谐音“里” 发音方法:舌尖顶住上齿龈,发音时气流从舌面的两侧通过,声带保持震动,属于浊辅音。 单词举例:light [laɪt] n.光线 ;ball [bɔ:l] n.球 半元音 点击这个视频学习半元音发音。《【BBC英语 其他辅音 半元音'w'的发音 与'v'的区别 国际音标发音|Pronunciation Tips 34 - Other Consonant-哔哩哔哩】 https://b23.tv/fC2pYDl》 /j/谐音“耶” 发音方法:发音时声带震动,气流口腔发出。浊辅音,发音口型类似/ i/. 单词举例:ye [jes] adv.是的;young [jʌŋ] adj.年轻的 /w/谐音“屋” 发音方法:嘴唇张开到刚好可以含住一根吸管的程度,并向前微噘起,但上齿不能接触下唇,立刻滑向其后的元音。 单词举例:wish [wɪʃ] :v. 希望; which [wɪtʃ] :pron. 哪一个 学习步骤 抄写 抄写音标,并了解音标特点。 对音标的基本认知 1、区别长短音带“:”的音标发音相对较长不带“:”的音标发音相对较短。 2、区别清辅音和浊辅音核心区别:清辅音声带不震动,浊辅音声带振动。 模仿练习 找合适的视频学习学习跟读。例如b站上《【赖世雄48个英语音标朗读示范,美音英音对照版-哔哩哔哩】 【https://b23.tv/sHYQFZ3】》、《【李咏梅老师英语(音标部分)——最牛的初中英语老师!没有之一!李咏梅国际音标 (完整版发音篇)-哔哩哔哩】 https://b23.tv/U1pmjNE》、《【纯正英式发音】这是BBC出品的到现在为止最棒的英语发音教程(完整版)-哔哩哔哩】 https://b23.tv/gZzDKl5》,以上几个视频都非常不错,详细讲解每个音标的读法。注意视频一定至少跟读5遍,才能确保你的学习效果。 也可以通过下面这个视频观察发音口型的变化。 《【48个英语音标示范读音-哔哩哔哩】 https://b23.tv/mt9vVaK》 1、模仿练习,学习国际音标的发音,要注意观察老师的口型,观察发音部位的变化,主动模仿发音,初学可以对着镜子模仿练习,特别是元音发音的舌位高低,口腔开口度大小与音色关系十分密切,可以通过镜子观察口型上的区别,观察舌尖、舌面、舌叶的活动情况,比如u和o、i和e、e和ε等等,掌握准确口腔开口度,对于准确发音具有非常重要的意义。 2、听音训练:学习国际音标需要认识48个音标,通过反反复复的听力练习,达到强化记忆。听音训练,如果有条件,可以多听老师朗读音标,也可以使用录音带反复听音,本课件中的每个音素,都可以循环倾听,强化记忆。 3、多动口,动口是加强实践的关键和核心,听音也好,模仿也好,比较也好,最终要归结到自己发音这一目标上来,所以勤动口是掌握国际音标发音的关键。俗话说,"三天不写手生,三天不念口生",说的就是要加强动手动口能力的培养。因此学习国际音标,要时时加强语音训练,勤动口,反复实践练习,在实践中比较,在实践中体会差别,做到熟能生巧,这样自然就掌握国际音标的发音了。 重点音标讲解 单元音 [i:] =“一” [ɪ]:[ɪ]开口要比[i:]稍大,注意比较两图口型。 [e] 嘴张45°,[æ]嘴张90° [ɜ:r] [ər]=“二” [ə]=额(不卷舌) [ʌ]:开口比“啊”略小 [ɑ:r]=卷舌的“啊” [ɑ] =“啊” [ɔ] =开口稍大的“哦” [ɔ:r]=卷舌的“哦” [u:]核心:双唇由半开微突,过渡到合嘴圆唇 [ʊ] 发成噘嘴的[ə],气流向外。 双元音 双元音较简单,大多数可进行类比,注意双元音的重音在第一个音标,即前一个音读的稍重,后一个音读的较轻。 [eɪ]=“A” [aɪ]=“I” [əʊ]=“O” [ɔɪ]=“哦一” [ɪə]=ear [eə]=air [ʊə]=“乌尔” 辅音 大部分辅音跟“汉语拼音”都有相似之处,直接看视频模仿即可,这里只讲解易错发音。 爆破音: [t] [p] [k] 不要读成[tə] [pə] [kə] 注意:它们声带不震动 摩擦音: [f][v] 咬唇音,注意上齿咬下唇 [θ][ð] 上下齿轻咬舌头,发音时能看到你的舌头露出 [ʃ]=不发音的“诗” [ʒ]= “日” [r]=撅嘴+卷舌的“热” [h]=不发音+舌头平放的“喝” 鼻音 [m] 合嘴 [n] 舌前部抵住上颚 [ŋ] 嘴巴张开 舌侧音[l] 元音前:跟拼音“l”发音一致元音后:发“l”的前半段 半元音 [j] “也” [w] =圆唇噘嘴的“我” 破擦音 [tʃ]= 不发声的“吃” [dʒ]= “居” [ts]=不发声的“次” [dz]=“子” [tr] 先发“t”,在发“r”,最后结合在一起 [dr] 同上 词汇拼读 1、规划拼读任务,拿出单词书或课本词汇表,找只含1~2个音节的单词拼读,20个为一组,每天练习3组,当然如果有时间,多进行几组也OK,加强效果。后期难度逐渐加大。 2、输入法识别词汇,每拼读一个词汇,都对着X飞输入法的语音识别功能朗读,看能否被输入法识别出单词,用机器来检测是否读的准确。 3、听词汇跟读,不管输入法识别出单词,还是没识别出单词,都要查手机字典,来听一遍听力,并跟读,模仿语调和轻重读音。 例如:Cash driver apartment money breakfast lawyer agency 学习计划 1、国际音标,一共48个,每天学4个,12天学完,元音和辅音每天各学习两个。 2、学完以后结合和音标相关的单词,每天坚持读一个小时,第二天要把第一天的一块儿读,第三天要把前两天的一块儿读,依次类推,坚持学完所有的音标,就可以读字典上任何一个单词。 3、长期坚持下去,会发现其实很多字母和音标有着关联,比如ph都发音标f的音,字母u发尖a的音,类似的规律,当大家坚持下来以后会发现很多,同时你甚至可以听到单词的发音就能把单词拼出来,直接就把背单词的问题解决了,音标会读,单词会读,单词会背,听力当然也不再是问题。自己总结出来的规律说明真的学会了,同时自己得出来的结论要比老师直接告诉你印象更深刻,同时最重要的是用起来更容易。 注意事项 1、了解发音要领,模仿老师口型 学习语音,一定要注意口型,并仔细揣摩每个音标的发音要领,特别是相似音标的发音区别。 零基础学员不要以为盯着老师的口型就好了,其实发音很多都是内部器官看不到的, 所以需要老师正确的发音示范,跟着老师一起读,然后再加上老师给的一些技巧,继续跟读,老师感觉哪有问题,再帮着纠正,这样一系列过程才是练成标准发音的秘籍。 2、 单词拼读实战,一对一纠正错误 养成一口纯正口语最重要的还是练习练习再练习,单词拼读实战训练,巩固你的发音。不断读,不断纠正,训练单个音标到训练多个单词,在学习语音的过程中,再掌握一些基础的词汇。 3、辩音练习,纠正错误,掌握发音规律 训练难度会随着课程的深入不断加强,但还是训练相同的内容,一节课很多类似的训练内容。音标中很多类似的发音,将相似音放在一起对比再练习,舌头和耳朵在这很重要。 %3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"音标是学习英语的第一步,想要学好音标需要认识音标、会读音标,这样以后才能认识单词。在学习音标前,我们要先知道国际音标有48个,元音有20个,辅音有28个,元音又分为单元音和双元音,单元音有12个,双元音有8个。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"X0ayd2WScoy4M6xsFVmcneA8n8f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"音标数目","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XGMMdqqKGoIkyGxmsOVcclDvnFd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在上表中,我们可以看到音标有48个,现在我们常说的国际音标也是48个。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AESAdWCuQoQUiuxmQkVcGNVXnbe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"可以点击下面链接学习音标。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"E20kdWCCso4ykCx45GjcqgWynqa"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《【48个英语音标示范读音-哔哩哔哩】 ","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://b23.tv/mt9vVaK"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://b23.tv/mt9vVaK","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AqckdkO2SoWKyoxQJlCcXjKcn4f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"元音部分","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MsOsda4UyoA0yUx4xP6czKClnJg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":345,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"元音部分","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a663fdb6f1284e47acca44c09060b0a2","width":694},"text":"","id":"AEKudCk2So0cmMxCAIeceBvxnjf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"辅音部分","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KisEdmSmgogIwoxC4ZMcG3QknLe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":601,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"辅音部分","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7467dcbf994549a5a6381df079b4301f","width":561},"text":"","id":"PAIEdU6suogWcexSCXRc664TnUf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"音标的分类","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YouadwUQwosyeyxasemc2PIHnjb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"最实用的分类方式是:元音=长元音+短元音+双元音;辅音=清辅音+浊辅音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IwWMdM0y4okSc6xUXz8cZOKMnWg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"英语一共有48个国际音标,包括20个元音,28个辅音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZEYEdomcAoIWSIx0gs6ctJvEnHg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"20个元音包括5个长元音:/i:/、/ɜ:/、/u:/、/a:/、/ɔ:/;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TOEMdsCmEo8wmuxy9sgchI0Dncu"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7个短元音:[i] [ə] [ɔ] [u] [ʌ] [e] [æ];","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JSgsdwwsWoc2i8xcLMycBbyfnae"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8个双元音:/eɪ、/aɪ/、/ɔɪ/、/ɪə/、/eə/、/ʊə/、/əʊ/、/aʊ/;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FEqydSEaYoYgAExG0OJcpQCinVe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QgMudGYi4ooOcUxmocWcCoCEn1I"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、长元音顾名思义就是发的音比较长而饱满;短元音则发的音比较短而急;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CUm2dg0ayooas8xw7mKc1LHmnHb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、双元音就是两个单元音拼在一起,成为组合音。双元音发音的特点是前面的单元音发音长,后面的发音比较短。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"L6kydWcCEosSoGx4YDdcStKNnRb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"28个辅音包括:轻辅音/p/ /t/ /k/ /f/ /θ/ /s/ /ʃ/ /ts/ /tʃ/ /tr/ /h/","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AIKwdykA4ogsCMxghM8cwNI2ndd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"浊辅音 /b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ /ð/ /z/ /ʒ/ /dz/ /dʒ/ /dr/ /r/","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EKwedeuCIoQOQOxsPGjcKnRinVe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"鼻音 /m/ /n/ /ŋ/","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NsCOdg4ACo2C8cxYDOvc9jprnMe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"半元音 /j/ /w/","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YgEed6IysogkMcxCm9rcZCI9nMc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"边音 /ǀ/","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UkYUdw6iMoqSiqxwvFGcq3HTnTb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":551,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"音标的分类","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6872a8bb79f14f40989a6ed6bc41be7a","width":720},"text":"","id":"C4qGduOAkoiWuQx0ixicZGvqnPh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"发音技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VYc4dsOwco02wAxAp27chauenkc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"长元音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MI8CdGMgmoi24ox6Isuc2rBwnSg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"点击这个视频学习长元音发音。《【元音音标(长元音)-哔哩哔哩】 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","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://b23.tv/VQsPDdl"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://b23.tv/VQsPDdl","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BsecdiMMYoke62xG0Lkcik9snKc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8个双元音发音技巧:/eɪ/、/aɪ/、/ɔɪ/、/ɪə/、/eə/、/ʊə/、/əʊ/、/aʊ/","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UUoSdueMqoIYkAxgdQTcnBxBnXg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)/eɪ/发音技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SyYCdiUwooQQuKxUDZccsKHLnfg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"该音是个双元音,发音时双唇稍扁,口形从半开到合。类似于英文字母“A”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZKEwdAkUGoA4iIxpX5EcLq3KnrH"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"单词举例:say[sei] v.说;delay[diˈlei] n. 延迟 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单纯的","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IqQidGY8uou04vxQr5ucq8izn2T"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":338,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"双元音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c63377faff584578850c4f931e0964a4","width":500},"text":"","id":"G2Uod4AO2oA0yuxOgbYcsRAUnbg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(7)/əʊ/发音技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AKMadGucOoaaGIxQFbicoXY5n6b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"舌位由半低到高,口形由半开到小。接近于汉语发音“呃屋”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KkSUdWMwwo4CE8xKwmhcnBqwnyc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"单词举例: flow [fləu] :vi. 流;glow [ɡləʊ] :vi. 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/h/","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JY04deUyUo4SOIx00V9cNrjgn2e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"11个浊辅音 /b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ /ð/ /z/ /ʒ/ /dz/ /dʒ/ /dr/ /r/","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Aya6dI06WoYGm0xgFG8cd2RWnVd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DCAKdYKa6o6CskxSKjOcMmqYnxe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"清辅音:发音时送气,声带不颤动(颤不颤用手放在喉咙上就知道了)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"V4c8d0oaKoiiasxSJbIc3Phpn8z"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"浊辅音:发音时不送气(拿张纸放在嘴前,纸没有被吹开),声带颤动。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"C6msd8Wsao4MCox3aGXchxhTnit"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)/p/ /b/谐音分别为“普”、“卜”,都省去韵母成分","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WqgqdeYCwoquUGxIpR6cp8i9n6b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"发音方法:/p/是清辅音,声带不振动;/b/是浊辅音,声带振动。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Q2iUduAywo0QcsxAPIvcauRYn1e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"单词举例:/p/:pen [pen] n.钢笔;pin [pin] n.大头针","id":""}],"text":"","id":"I6YGdymweowsukxi0Chcjet4nbe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"/b/:bike [baik] n.自行车;beg [beg] v.乞求","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IukEd2acUomqsix61ZlcYRZgntc"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":291,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"辅音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/606b063e5abc4abda1a64a5bcd15ed33","width":453},"text":"","id":"GAAodsy42oGcEOxqesecgGainDg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":279,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"辅音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/62b2c2ff83cd446e913fc3894b60f5ed","width":453},"text":"","id":"LocqdA2WqoWwOmx4iqoc1Co1nzd"}],"text":"","id":"OUu0dw0IUoCAoKxWuwQcERpSn2g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)/t/ /d/分别谐音“特”、“得”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OUu0dw0IUoCAoKxWuwQcERpSn2g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"发音方法:/t/是清辅音,声带不振动;/d/是浊辅音,声带振动。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WqgudmymyoWeMyxG4qAcXd5Nn3f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"单词举例:/t/ :ten [ten] num; test [test] n. 试验, 考验","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CmCsdscSUougQExs3LHcC6Yvnxc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"/d/: student [ˈstudnt] n.学生; date [deɪt] n.日期、日子、约见时间 v.注明日期、写上日期","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QEwYdeUuqoceaWxmGpgcCQRAnaf"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":285,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"辅音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a42294e34f854b1db31a0c38ef37302c","width":450},"text":"","id":"Q8KYdagoIo4k20x8FBYcKkY5ng9"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":303,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"辅音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/904cd5e38687477288a3126fcc4f1018","width":454},"text":"","id":"EOGSdg44io6MwMxwFg2cxsvAnPf"}],"text":"","id":"DQQedqwyMooIEkxIKJIcVruHnlb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)/k/ /g/分别谐音“可”、“嗝”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DQQedqwyMooIEkxIKJIcVruHnlb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"发音方法:发音时舌后部隆起紧贴软颚,憋住气,然后突然分开,气流送出口腔,形成爆破音。/k/是清辅音,声带不要振动;/g/是浊辅音,声带需要振动。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CiO0dy8SCoiem2xKge6ccUbyn7e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"单词举例:/k/ :kite [kait] n. 风筝;cake [keɪk] n. 蛋糕","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FUQodyeyyoWuQAx2JGYcZNT1nqd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"/g/: glove [ɡlʌv] n. 手套;girl [ɡə:l] n. 女孩","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AQIOdQAAIoSki6xy8ITcIpXtnmh"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":305,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"辅音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/14d7ac9a6f4f404893f06bdabb1aa226","width":490},"text":"","id":"Emi6dSeEKo2WoixmcDrcz6VHnU6"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":304,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"辅音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/06964c4beb5c4fce98d2def6ba8ebbca","width":493},"text":"","id":"DYMkdcSk4oSS0AxYncocwbmfnZc"}],"text":"","id":"DySedIAYgoKsywxoVI4cNSDinKe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)/f/ /v/","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DySedIAYgoKsywxoVI4cNSDinKe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"/f/谐音“府”,/v/就是北方人把W读成V那种感觉。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ISoKdAUgYoGIyExI5y6cPFHfnPh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"发音方法:发音前,上齿咬住下嘴唇,然后使气流由唇齿间的缝隙中通过,从而引起摩擦。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RM62de2eqoAkcixAxO3c7o2nn2b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"/f/是清辅音,发音时声带不震动;/v/是浊辅音,发音时声带振动。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AGkSdk02UoUYoqx87ogcwnwpnPf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"单词举例:/f/:flower ['flaʊər] n. 花;fly [flai] vi.飞, 飞行","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DmI8dMaAyocKYixCAJOcvEDznmb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"/v/:love [lʌv] v. 爱;seven [ˈsevən] num. 七","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CaQOdgSIQogyCOxO4sGcBbGqnkg"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":307,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"辅音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8ce3c52756514e448ddc1d518e55ecdf","width":450},"text":"","id":"Pam6duQkAoyQ6Oxq6dwcgin7nTe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":307,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"辅音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0d517eafc9904db59404a654d6aabfd9","width":499},"text":"","id":"A6ugd446kocAo6xgNYQcDw1hnId"}],"text":"","id":"XICgdYG6eowkcoxiK6zcQDIVn3f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(5)/θ/ /ð/ 牙齿轻咬舌尖发出的音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XICgdYG6eowkcoxiK6zcQDIVn3f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"发音方法:发音时,舌尖微微伸出,置于上下门齿之间,舌尖和下齿之间的气流通道非常窄小,气流从舌齿间的窄缝中通过。/θ/是清辅音,发音时声带不振动;/ð/是浊辅音,发音时声带振动。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XmG0de0CookKwKxgJVJctctcnbc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"单词举例:/θ/:three [θri:] num. 三; throw [θrəʊ] vi. 投掷","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BQUadqEywoMcs2xEtzIc5zkmnfb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"/ð/:this [ðɪs] pron. 这,这个,这里; mother [ˈmʌðə(r)] n. 母亲","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NGMedc0I2oEIOEx6qDWc6Ca4nwg"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":430,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"辅音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/50168da9a42b477395fa447a59aadf00","width":640},"text":"","id":"TS0MdAOiIoWak2x4Fr2cXJLRneg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":250,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"辅音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fe852c5bda9443b4b98bcb1ed73950ab","width":456},"text":"","id":"Y6o6dYI68oOO4ixYzmUcUdwlnHg"}],"text":"","id":"MCEgdOoEkoUE2qxAtnfcviE7nSg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(6)/s/ 谐音“丝”,/z/“zi”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MCEgdOoEkoUE2qxAtnfcviE7nSg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"发音方法:发音时舌端靠近齿龈,气流由舌端齿龈间送出。/s/是清辅音,声带不振动;/z/是浊浦音,声带振动。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MiYMdEsIcom0uoxgfRFcbXodnAg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"单词举例:/s/:school [sku:l] n. 学校,学院;bus [bʌs] n. 公共汽车","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WO6kd6cMWoAM02xGkWKc7Bunnnc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"/z/:please [pli:z] int.请;zoo [zu:] n.动物园","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IgmKdaGiooyg8ExgVM2cEGJAnoh"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":271,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"辅音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9a735a6fd556430899e72f213603429c","width":453},"text":"","id":"IYIEdaM6co0Mo6xsd9CcEcfGnrf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":217,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"辅音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cbd3bbe2132a47e09a970ca158685fd7","width":454},"text":"","id":"S6C8duMs0omqiKxkfZncVmJSnIb"}],"text":"","id":"RKu4dWEeIo4Og6xqiP7cXVdwnKb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(7)/ts/ /dz/分别谐音“次”、“自”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RKu4dWEeIo4Og6xqiP7cXVdwnKb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"发音方法:舌端先贴住上齿龈,堵住气流,气流送出口腔。/ts/是清辅音,声带不振动,/dz/是浊辅音,声带振动。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Wu2AdkuSioKeekxGWiWcUNN1nFf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"单词举例:/ts/:cats [kæts] n. 猫( cat的名词复数 );hats [hæts] n. 帽子( hat的名词复数 ) ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DOksdQsWUoKGA2xETz0chmFantf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"/dz/:hands [hændz] n.手;lands [lændz] n.陆地","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CMmSdKgc0oK828xcVxeci6yGnOg"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":289,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"辅音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8fdc13488fbc4d59a98f9f0713aefe7c","width":450},"text":"","id":"P8KydWaQYo8qWUxQppkc4qdhngb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":276,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"辅音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7c7a93711b0e46cc83a527c60d527179","width":451},"text":"","id":"PkmQd6QMeoIcCIxoQSfcvdqVnmb"}],"text":"","id":"Ng8qda44kouo0UxWAN2cpPcpnkb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(8)/tr/ /dr/分别谐音“戳”、“捉”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ng8qda44kouo0UxWAN2cpPcpnkb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"发音方法:舌尖贴齿龈后部,气流冲破阻碍发出短促的/t/后立即发/r/。/tr/是清辅音,声带不振动;/dr/是浊辅音,声带振动。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GSKsdMQi0o82OexWotqcSV0KnVc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"单词举例:/tr/ : tree [tri:] n. 树,木料;try [traɪ] vt.\u0026 vi. 试图 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GGkKdsqAqo0C8WxqIJucE48Anzb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"/dr/:dress [dres] n.连衣裙;drink [drɪŋk] v.喝酒","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HcYWdO6moomiWCxi6X3c322tnUe"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":306,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"辅音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8cd7b6ea3573404d915c2b39fdd668ad","width":454},"text":"","id":"Vg4UdMsoWosWm6xmPRjcCCNMnyQ"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":296,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"辅音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/700de1de8f2b402893d73b6fd25b5342","width":452},"text":"","id":"OsM4dSIkIouswGxiw7LcHHrMnjb"}],"text":"","id":"JSaEd8UAsoau4axA33tcPSTUnLe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(9)/∫/ /ʒ/分别谐音“诗”、“日”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JSaEd8UAsoau4axA33tcPSTUnLe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"发音方法:/∫/是清辅音,声带不振动;/ʒ/是浊辅音,声带振动。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PKmAda0ceooIAExiq07crsVtnid"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"单词举例:/∫/:English [ˈɪŋglɪʃ] adj. 英格兰的; 英国的;rubbish [ˈrʌbɪʃ] n. 垃圾;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FGIidicIkoCGCKxKo0PcQBYlnhd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"/ʒ/:pleasure [ˈpleʒə] n.快乐,愉快;casual [ˈkæʒuəl] adj意外的,偶然的","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MwwIdAKiooqy2Cxak94c5PDbnGg"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":285,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"辅音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8f332b0d40c74d34ae86cb1fa3ca05e7","width":454},"text":"","id":"DwsYdMccsog0iYxISsfcHUVinNH"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":228,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"辅音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f540e592612a4386a861f7ad67e4073c","width":453},"text":"","id":"ISiYdkQoGoGQe0xKa7JcQsU3n3d"}],"text":"","id":"SMc2d28g4oE0muxS4CIcteUNn3b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(10)/t∫/ /dʒ/分别谐音“吃”、“之”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SMc2d28g4oE0muxS4CIcteUNn3b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"发音方法:发音时舌身抬高,舌端抵上齿龈后部,气流通过时发出破擦音。/t∫/是清辅音,声带不振动;/dʒ/是浊辅音,声带振动。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"U0gWdO4iMoCAaoxYfM3cC5m6n7b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"单词举例:/t∫/: chalk 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/r/分别谐音“呵”、“若”,省去韵母成分。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"E0eYdWCA2oa2Q8xADQhcjsCsnVh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"发音方法:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"M04md204koiKaQxcjQPccMzznXf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"发/h/这个音时,嘴半开,气流从口腔不受阻碍而出,声带不振动,清辅音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"K6Kidis8moccGAxjkUjcGKHMncS"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"发/r/这个音时,舌端上卷,靠近上齿龈附近,嘴唇张开并保持略圆状态,气流从口腔涌出,声带振动,属于浊辅音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Skk8dmsmoog2KwxWIvucX2Yvnyh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"单词举例: /h/: hair [heə(r)] n.头发;hate [heɪt] v.恨,厌恶","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FeIKdecMEoOEEsxC2MDcxzKenug"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"/r/: sorry ['sɒrɪ] v.对不起 ;write [raɪt] v.写","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AmKEdA6O2oMuaCxQ3hLc0Vauneh"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":285,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"辅音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ae68233a2f1f4e0bae1ada1aafa601b2","width":455},"text":"","id":"B2IgdUQ0AoYG6wxYVJccq7VMnag"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":690,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"辅音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b5bc0da8fe7f4de1b056a6e261a0535d","width":1024},"text":"","id":"FoGadAwoIoQ8iux6WegcTMzCnlb"}],"text":"","id":"Tgm6dmyKQoWAASxyMtHcwHwxnwf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"鼻音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Tgm6dmyKQoWAASxyMtHcwHwxnwf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"点击这个视频学习鼻音发音。《【(21)鼻音 m n ŋ | 英语音标发音口型示范 | 美式发音-哔哩哔哩】 ","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://b23.tv/8P1jfXx"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://b23.tv/8P1jfXx","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QsmOdYKyAoKyYgxct1YcwrFxnof"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)/m/谐音“恩”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GAAmd86QgomQgmxaa0LcUWtJn8c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"发音方法:双唇紧闭,软腭下垂,气流从鼻腔发出,声带震动。闭口音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ws8udoA2soaccyxaUb3cYEJCnkf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"单词举例:major [ˈmeɪdʒə(r)] adj.主要的;time [taɪm] n.时间","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NGuudoKUeogKgKxS8ZUcakUsnYg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":275,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"鼻音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f85c67957ccc46bdaa291f21c4945bbf","width":453},"text":"","id":"JSAAdM6wSo6uSUxQzE5cb42LnQd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)/n/谐音“呢”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MsCId8QaAou0OwxCavicqQUSnLh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"发音方法:舌尖顶住上齿龈,形成阻碍,气流从鼻腔发出,同时声带震动,开口音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"E2GAdKKSGoCuWIxQdrXctfW6nvh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"单词举例:nice [naɪc] adj.漂亮的;funny [ˈfʌni] 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n.天使","id":""}],"text":"","id":"I6YIdO2o0o8w2Ax5e5RcRshSnn9"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":281,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"鼻音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9be0385b2e8b48298d7c1f70fbddcfcd","width":453},"text":"","id":"Ng62d6MoOo82sUx6k4VcQMB9nYf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"边音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HuSIdwyEkoMIqCxotU0cFfxbnNb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"点击这个视频学习边音发音。《【真正的国际音标-边音 Lateral-哔哩哔哩】 ","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://b23.tv/G9C7X9F"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://b23.tv/G9C7X9F","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"C8uCdoCuco8aeGxkXIScGUjtnme"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"/l/谐音“里”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EkeKdas6eoQ8msxawD1cdzE7n6f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"发音方法:舌尖顶住上齿龈,发音时气流从舌面的两侧通过,声带保持震动,属于浊辅音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RIWkd0eeuoiCGqx6rikckQCtnld"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"单词举例:light [laɪt] n.光线 ;ball [bɔ:l] n.球","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CuIodIW6goAcIExgblmcWFXXnah"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":260,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"边音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c8a9eb0ff3c3438e80e649b07a85be15","width":456},"text":"","id":"MoWedis4SokU8cxGSwecIsV7nTh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"半元音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FOUWdOmoioWWUOxSKvHcytrEnig"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"点击这个视频学习半元音发音。《【BBC英语 其他辅音 半元音'w'的发音 与'v'的区别 国际音标发音|Pronunciation Tips 34 - Other Consonant-哔哩哔哩】 ","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://b23.tv/fC2pYDl"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://b23.tv/fC2pYDl","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"I8yIdi2Ego4uoyxmUgXcTisJn0c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"/j/谐音“耶”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"J2ScdIcYUouWkWxiojWcdJ1KnJh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"发音方法:发音时声带震动,气流口腔发出。浊辅音,发音口型类似/ i/.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QmQMd4CA2o0cWYxeKdicdK2bn7c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"单词举例:ye [jes] adv.是的;young [jʌŋ] adj.年轻的","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KEWidUWoGoamgQxmw03cCYVqnkd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":275,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"半元音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/225dc1955f054974a842c952f4f410d4","width":454},"text":"","id":"ZQasdYIoqosm46xOoZPcbpW9nPd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"/w/谐音“屋”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"M0oudgMQGoOYKQxobhpceOocnjg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"发音方法:嘴唇张开到刚好可以含住一根吸管的程度,并向前微噘起,但上齿不能接触下唇,立刻滑向其后的元音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"E6sYdKOuGoG2eWxMV8gc1I5Lngc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"单词举例:wish [wɪʃ] :v. 希望; which [wɪtʃ] :pron. 哪一个","id":""}],"text":"","id":"N8yMd808YogkeYxS8Bzcw8AnnZe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":299,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"半元音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/752d066e3d624ac5a0a385ff5a02f131","width":453},"text":"","id":"A2EAdkoKaoKUE8xCUKAcaFHvnrh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习步骤","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KGmUduwi2o4WWcxW8UAcAtf6nsh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"抄写","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CyQmdY0woowyiWxQtzSct7zAn95"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"抄写音标,并了解音标特点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OKeud2iiGoSqEAxWbELcjRpgnqb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"对音标的基本认知","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RaimdAOiYoEG8SxSmf2ceFeonGc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、区别长短音带“:”的音标发音相对较长不带“:”的音标发音相对较短。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Z2ScdmyGqomYqaxyqkdcLdq3nhL"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、区别清辅音和浊辅音核心区别:清辅音声带不震动,浊辅音声带振动。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NYY8dyIYwo8OyAxcjYfcWTgKn3f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"模仿练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"V8YAdU2MgoEgOGxKAYHckkUAn0e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"找合适的视频学习学习跟读。例如b站上《【赖世雄48个英语音标朗读示范,美音英音对照版-哔哩哔哩】 【","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://b23.tv/sHYQFZ3"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://b23.tv/sHYQFZ3","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"】》、《【李咏梅老师英语(音标部分)——最牛的初中英语老师!没有之一!李咏梅国际音标 (完整版发音篇)-哔哩哔哩】 ","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://b23.tv/U1pmjNE"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://b23.tv/U1pmjNE","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"》、《【纯正英式发音】这是BBC出品的到现在为止最棒的英语发音教程(完整版)-哔哩哔哩】 ","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://b23.tv/gZzDKl5"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://b23.tv/gZzDKl5","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"》,以上几个视频都非常不错,详细讲解每个音标的读法。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"注意视频一定至少跟读5遍,才能确保你的学习效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KS4ydK4S6oiIQmxu0vncRSQHnMd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"也可以通过下面这个视频观察发音口型的变化。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IuCAd8Eeao4kYCxCirecwybinKd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《【48个英语音标示范读音-哔哩哔哩】 ","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://b23.tv/mt9vVaK"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://b23.tv/mt9vVaK","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CMmAd4gewoQWIUxKQ07cNUeEnPb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、模仿练习,学习国际音标的发音,要注意观察老师的口型,观察发音部位的变化,主动模仿发音,初学可以对着镜子模仿练习,特别是元音发音的舌位高低,口腔开口度大小与音色关系十分密切,可以通过镜子观察口型上的区别,观察舌尖、舌面、舌叶的活动情况,比如u和o、i和e、e和ε等等,掌握准确口腔开口度,对于准确发音具有非常重要的意义。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XcymdwOWCo6CIGxa2tecRpqyncd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、听音训练:学习国际音标需要认识48个音标,通过反反复复的听力练习,达到强化记忆。听音训练,如果有条件,可以多听老师朗读音标,也可以使用录音带反复听音,本课件中的每个音素,都可以循环倾听,强化记忆。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"N242dAYGAoY4MIxCel4c7gT7nOd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、多动口,动口是加强实践的关键和核心,听音也好,模仿也好,比较也好,最终要归结到自己发音这一目标上来,所以勤动口是掌握国际音标发音的关键。俗话说,\"三天不写手生,三天不念口生\",说的就是要加强动手动口能力的培养。因此学习国际音标,要时时加强语音训练,勤动口,反复实践练习,在实践中比较,在实践中体会差别,做到熟能生巧,这样自然就掌握国际音标的发音了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"C8AGdQweWo6Eq4xwZQpcAzqTnGg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"重点音标讲解","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NYgkdUaewoSIquxc48NcmqD7nQy"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"单元音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YW4wdUskoocOAwxuatBcuFsWn1d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[i:] =“一”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HgwEd26sEoK8kaxa0MKcjHMRnRc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[ɪ]:[ɪ]开口要比[i:]稍大,注意比较两图口型。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MSyYdOwSUo0k2axkAtYc5sddnbB"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":150,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"单元音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/424933217c51464b98439d52a906dc79","width":313},"text":"","id":"XAeYdY8kMoOcUmx8IcRck6D9n7b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[e] 嘴张45°,[æ]嘴张90°","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FeQGdy2Smou2O6xURCZcVp3Lnae"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":145,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"单元音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6672fd2298724d35a280bead538ac3ae","width":306},"text":"","id":"RmM4dISSQoAMIcxygd5cxr6HnOe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[ɜ:r] [ər]=“二”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TSo6dKsSWo2GYcxZjETc9G1GnDG"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[ə]=额(不卷舌)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HMsmdKmyKoAssoxAzOdc7OWnntg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":169,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"单元音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/23669fa681c94516b68dbd7dfbeacb30","width":287},"text":"","id":"Fo6QduWAwokykix49KRcfCJmnof"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[ʌ]:开口比“啊”略小","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BGsmdsW6woUimYxOwpucaftfnNc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[ɑ:r]=卷舌的“啊”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"T4q6dQqcMo8UY4x6uROcurTungg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Yc4mdmGSQow40gxqCAGcOvvinBd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":158,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"单元音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4a325dcff9bf444c93f02a661b7eb1dc","width":288},"text":"","id":"YI2udUmcEoUO2axUffDc55c0n5b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[ɑ] =“啊”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GOUkd82oyoSQK2xGU3Yc38ITngg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[ɔ] =开口稍大的“哦”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BY4wdeQqqoy6C6xqo3wc8LQdnVh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[ɔ:r]=卷舌的“哦”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VieGd4caOoI2eIxKk63cHfKcnEh"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":110,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"单元音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/47f4542a00f04f7aae6be6656657cf8c","width":114},"text":"","id":"IE8cdeAC4oMySuxgcAocFfSanZ3"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":110,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"单元音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/710b04be027845d7be2106e9bbeb33a3","width":104},"text":"","id":"XmK2diS0YoCssGx8z5CcCyTSnad"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":110,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"单元音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/710b04be027845d7be2106e9bbeb33a3","width":104},"text":"","id":"XmK2diS0YoCssGx8z5CcCyTSnad"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":110,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"单元音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/89ec169b38a04ab99190b396206e9400","width":98},"text":"","id":"UyMSdui2WoASQExMfVZcTvLqnrd"}],"text":"","id":"T8sYd4Wu8oaAOIxMxS7cIc9snLb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[u:]核心:双唇由半开微突,过渡到合嘴圆唇","id":""}],"text":"","id":"T8sYd4Wu8oaAOIxMxS7cIc9snLb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[ʊ] 发成噘嘴的[ə],气流向外。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"C4EUdoaeCoGgg2xA94WcKc7XnVg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"双元音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RGS8duyAEoSGqgxas3DcrumNnog"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"双元音较简单,大多数可进行类比,注意双元音的重音在第一个音标,即前一个音读的稍重,后一个音读的较轻。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ww4IdocgUoaaeAxYJjwcra66neh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[eɪ]=“A”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TciidSSSmoKY6MxOmfycHajin1A"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[aɪ]=“I”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QyWEdEi4eo0WC4xYBXWcKXKJn3g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[əʊ]=“O”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OaqodkkAWoIIwixUvLJciK9Dnbg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[ɔɪ]=“哦一”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EIkGdeWMMoCgCKxujKucWEgXnl7"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[ɪə]=ear","id":""}],"text":"","id":"E6Wedoq6Go4KQKx0OLvcGKWAnNe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[eə]=air","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WKsUdcKGSouW0exAVi9cPsZcnWb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[ʊə]=“乌尔”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JMWSdYuUAo84WexU5RncsFdWnYe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"辅音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"I6SAdQWcYoe2WexqIZ7cCguWnbd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"大部分辅音跟“汉语拼音”都有相似之处,直接看视频模仿即可,这里只讲解易错发音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WOS4dUWgKoegoQxoBW1c0scNnCh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"爆破音:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AGwkdoY06oeKEExaYJdcMIPWnyc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[t] [p] [k] 不要读成[tə] [pə] [kə] 注意:它们声带不震动","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LqIEdUkemo8g6Gx2j13czIRNn4e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"摩擦音:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JAkqdWaUkoe4oQx6CBicKu6JnIf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[f][v] 咬唇音,注意上齿咬下唇","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UMwCdEUkWoQ6uQxwJcscTdTUnrd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":146,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"辅音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2ad2d1355a204bcbae724b0dc07ceb1b","width":248},"text":"","id":"QugUdOeOOoC8yAxzSjzcPmdenp5"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[θ][ð]","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BoGUd4UcUoS2eSxig5ac7Oh0nPf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"上下齿轻咬舌头,发音时能看到你的舌头露出","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YesIdOoy4oEWmax6YWXcvXUSn1g"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":125,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"辅音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fb45b894066748d99889cbe3cbcf925d","width":239},"text":"","id":"XM0idmGoWosKc0xkOwdckSZZnUx"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[ʃ]=不发音的“诗” [ʒ]= “日”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BC0IdUyW4oiyGqxMzvxcAjzpnIg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":144,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"辅音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c8f6dc95aeda44ba960be5c6b0ae01ba","width":278},"text":"","id":"DSW8dw0eQoyYAIx87UScLiJbnvh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[r]=撅嘴+卷舌的“热” [h]=不发音+舌头平放的“喝”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HMsYdguS0osqikxYJjncCMxjnie"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"鼻音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QYkOdgowEo6mSExYBRPc5wiznOc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[m] 合嘴","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LeSWdaaQkouGaMxKWxWcL08ense"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[n] 舌前部抵住上颚","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XmKIdKGsiooa6ix6RbecaOExnUd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[ŋ] 嘴巴张开","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Xcusd4giYokcyGxKw8JccJM3nxd"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":114,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"鼻音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6809d9fd4d604c999772a6441dca8739","width":157},"text":"","id":"HEw2dqIAYoysEoxiySQcHndjnud"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":114,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"鼻音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6fa595b78ba94c89aadb1b2da94aaa69","width":157},"text":"","id":"CiAOdC6iooIYUEx0Yq6cvTGhnGd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":114,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"鼻音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6fa595b78ba94c89aadb1b2da94aaa69","width":157},"text":"","id":"CiAOdC6iooIYUEx0Yq6cvTGhnGd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":114,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"鼻音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5675b8cf0d67465db9106dd349b765ab","width":165},"text":"","id":"ICYydaeeyosCAQxq6mDcf2cJnvb"}],"text":"","id":"IM4QdgE82oU0wAxkvaac1cYYnPd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"舌侧音[l]","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IM4QdgE82oU0wAxkvaac1cYYnPd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"元音前:跟拼音“l”发音一致元音后:发“l”的前半段","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UAW4dyoO6ouEMwxU9DycGSVfnTd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"半元音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VYiUdiuoAoc0SkxJxQ7cKyODnHH"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[j] “也”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MiEYdKWOGoYoCsxaALDcfRxtn7d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[w] =圆唇噘嘴的“我”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Eakqd8i8gomqCCx0C5ScvszAn3c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"破擦音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PWgEdOqSCo2cwaxgnVNcniofnCc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[tʃ]= 不发声的“吃”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QUISdIOmYo8CAEx2xyfcxw1EnMg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[dʒ]= “居”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XGoQdUkewoOKqwxg1NmcNvosncd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[ts]=不发声的“次”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"P8K6ducAkoeSccxsVFec10Icnve"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[dz]=“子”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"V2CSdAm0ioYYcqxADoecjOXUn5T"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[tr] 先发“t”,在发“r”,最后结合在一起","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PMwOdSKYsoO6yyxKW0vcyzhxnBb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[dr] 同上","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PqcCdaYuSosyuIx02oycX1iwnQh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"词汇拼读","id":""}],"text":"","id":"I0GedsKk0oUgoOxuyXccgX1vnGe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、规划拼读任务,拿出单词书或课本词汇表,找只含1~2个音节的单词拼读,20个为一组,每天练习3组,当然如果有时间,多进行几组也OK,加强效果。后期难度逐渐加大。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YiK6dkyMqoE6KYxcZFecaO2Onic"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、输入法识别词汇,每拼读一个词汇,都对着X飞输入法的语音识别功能朗读,看能否被输入法识别出单词,用机器来检测是否读的准确。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F82MdiS0OoEyEyxk1SicCu6vnaf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、听词汇跟读,不管输入法识别出单词,还是没识别出单词,都要查手机字典,来听一遍听力,并跟读,模仿语调和轻重读音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GcOsd4I80oaSsExCYAecvtgonmg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"例如:Cash driver apartment money breakfast lawyer agency ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UAkYd6KyoosOe8xyaEycPumwn0d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习计划","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ig8edugQyogYa8xmCTpcTKcgnRf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、国际音标,一共48个,每天学4个,12天学完,元音和辅音每天各学习两个。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Kk6IdUSM0omgecxaQbkcSsZsnve"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、学完以后结合和音标相关的单词,每天坚持读一个小时,第二天要把第一天的一块儿读,第三天要把前两天的一块儿读,依次类推,坚持学完所有的音标,就可以读字典上任何一个单词。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QG6sdm2M4o68ouxYDuzcFDxhn9g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、长期坚持下去,会发现其实很多字母和音标有着关联,比如ph都发音标f的音,字母u发尖a的音,类似的规律,当大家坚持下来以后会发现很多,同时你甚至可以听到单词的发音就能把单词拼出来,直接就把背单词的问题解决了,音标会读,单词会读,单词会背,听力当然也不再是问题。自己总结出来的规律说明真的学会了,同时自己得出来的结论要比老师直接告诉你印象更深刻,同时最重要的是用起来更容易。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Km8odoYG4omMG2xQjwvctwuOn8e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意事项","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XS6WduK8gocSyQxwpyYc32mDnId"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、了解发音要领,模仿老师口型","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QaWwde6UQoWyyox8b3Yc0PnGngd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习语音,一定要注意口型,并仔细揣摩每个音标的发音要领,特别是相似音标的发音区别。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Jii2diISEoMkQixoveicLaPdn7b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"零基础学员不要以为盯着老师的口型就好了,其实发音很多都是内部器官看不到的, 所以需要老师正确的发音示范,跟着老师一起读,然后再加上老师给的一些技巧,继续跟读,老师感觉哪有问题,再帮着纠正,这样一系列过程才是练成标准发音的秘籍。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Pow0deEogocwqexqKJOchO9Qnbc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、 单词拼读实战,一对一纠正错误","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KqAmdu0E4oWkkExaukOcf14rnHf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"养成一口纯正口语最重要的还是练习练习再练习,单词拼读实战训练,巩固你的发音。不断读,不断纠正,训练单个音标到训练多个单词,在学习语音的过程中,再掌握一些基础的词汇。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"B0cyd2a4kowyACxM4E2cCki4nsi"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、辩音练习,纠正错误,掌握发音规律","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AQWQdmkKmoYcqyxsrTAcvvH8nhy"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"训练难度会随着课程的深入不断加强,但还是训练相同的内容,一节课很多类似的训练内容。音标中很多类似的发音,将相似音放在一起对比再练习,舌头和耳朵在这很重要。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LyKYdA4oIoQC8exa2vjcYOc1nle"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"G4aGdqMEMoO2AGxkzAkcWRvAnHd"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E 4. 海洋石油937平台在哪位于亚洲中东地区,国土面积225万平方公里,截止2020年人口数量0.34亿人,2020年GDP总量7210亿美元,人均GDP20500美元。 中国石油十大进口来源国第2名:俄罗斯,2020年石油进口价值273亿美元俄罗斯,位于亚洲地区,国土面积1709万平方公里,截止2020年人口数量1.46亿人,2020年GDP总量1.47万亿美元,人均GDP10062美元。 中国石油十大进口来源国第3名:伊拉克,2020年石油进口价值192亿美元伊拉克,位于亚洲地区,国土面积43.83万平方公里,截止2020年人口数量0.42亿人,2020年GDP总量1639亿美元,人均GDP5361美元。 中国石油十大进口来源国第4名:巴西,2020年石油进口价值139亿美元巴西,位于欧洲地区,国土面积851.万平方公里,截止2020年人口数量2.1亿人,2020年GDP总量1.44万亿美元,人均GDP6796美元。 中国石油十大进口来源国第5名:安哥拉,2020年石油进口价值139亿美元安哥拉,位于非洲地区,国土面积124.6万平方公里,截止2020年人口数量3180万人,2020年GDP总量558亿美元,人均GDP2656美元。 中国石油十大进口来源国第6名:阿曼,2020年石油进口价值128亿美元阿曼,位于亚洲地区,国土面积30.9万平方公里,截止2020年人口数量462万人,2020年GDP总量763亿美元,人均GDP16000美元。 中国石油十大进口来源国第7名:阿联酋,2020年石油进口价值97亿美元阿联酋,位于亚洲地区,国土面积8.36万平方公里,截止2020年人口数量957万人,2020年GDP总量3606亿美元,人均GDP38000美元。 中国石油十大进口来源国第8名:科威特,2020年石油进口价值89亿美元科威特,位于亚洲地区,国土面积1.78万平方公里,截止2020年人口数量747万人,2020年GDP总量1250亿美元,人均GDP27000美元。 中国石油十大进口来源国第9名:美国,2020年石油进口价值63亿美元美国,位于北美洲地区,国土面积937万平方公里,截止2020年人口数量3.33亿人,2020年GDP总量20.93万亿美元,人均GDP63400美元。 中国石油十大进口来源国第10名:挪威,2020年石油进口价值43亿美元挪威,位于欧洲地区,国土面积38.5万平方公里,截止2020年人口数量537万人,2020年GDP总量4018亿美元,人均GDP75000美元 5. 海洋石油932阿拉斯加 ―― 旅游者朝拜的胜地 除了丰富的油气资源,全美一半的煤矿资源,不尽的河流冰川,鲜美的海产品,阿拉斯加还拥有非同一般、令人叹为观止的旅游资源。那么,阿拉斯加到底是什么样?这是一个无法用一句话描述的话题。如果从Google卫星地图上来看,你会发现眼中的阿拉斯加除了几个城市地区外,广大的面积是松林覆盖,斑斑点点的雪山,从山顶蜿蜒下来的晶莹的溪流,巨龙状的冰川。行走在阿拉斯加的山峦间,映入眼帘的则是无尽的森林,无尽的惊喜,和无可言谕的美。朋友问我阿拉斯加有多美,我不知道如何回答。但是,我的一个曾经游历广泛(在澳大利亚和新西兰生活过近8年,取过英国和其他欧洲国家)朋友说,阿拉斯加是他去过最美丽的地方。如果你热爱旅游,阿拉斯加显然是一个人生必须造访的胜地。 "逛公园必须开车" 阿拉斯加有数个国家公园。对于许多生活在城市中的人们来说,逛公园几乎等同于散步。可是游览阿拉斯加的公园,你必须乘车,因为太大了。阿拉斯加最有名气的公园当数“蒂娜丽国家公园(Denali National Park and Preserve)”。蒂娜丽有多大?我们因为时间限制,只能走到著名的“奇迹湖”,就必须往回赶。陪同我们的国家公园工作人员菲思特女士告诉我们,我们已经行走了86英里,大约137公里还要多。 蒂娜丽国家公园有几个不可错过的看点。首当其冲的是观赏野生动物,其中有五种动物最容易看到,也是游览阿拉斯加不可或缺的五种动物。坐在公园的游览车上(公园为了保护野生动物,不允许私自驾车进入公园),你可能会看到成群的驼鹿在野生柳木丛中享受美食,或者道路一边的山坡上有数个野生大白山羊在逡巡,或者三三两两地北美驯鹿在雪山下休息,或者一只灰狼在河床观望,或者一只大灰熊在埋头吞食山坡上遍地的蓝莓。 虽然菲思特一直强调不是每个旅游者都很幸运能够看到灰狼或者灰熊等,但是,我们在回程时无意中发现五只灰狼在不远的河床上嬉戏。被菲思特称为“爸爸”的那只灰狼在观望,“妈妈”和三个孩子则在无拘无束的来回游荡。从望远镜里第一次真切地看到灰狼的真实生活,我们禁不住有些心花怒放。 更为幸运的是,我们还面对面地碰见一个灰狼。我们悄悄停下车,它则从车身边一路小跑过去。灰狼伸着长舌,朝着我们的车看了几眼,等记者轻手轻脚打开相机时,它却快速消失了。公园不愿惊动这里的野生动物,所有的游客都会被告知,碰见野生动物时要轻声细语,照相也要尽量照顾动物的感受。这也许是游览蒂娜丽公园的遗憾吧,许多动物,只能远观,却无法取得一张近照。 除了野生动物,在蒂娜丽公园还可以观赏到北美最高峰,常年冰雪覆盖的麦金利山峰。当然,前提条件是你碰到个大晴天。我们到达公园时,天气晴朗,麦金利山峰似乎近在眼前。山脚下是冰川退却后留下的宽大的河床。河床,绵延的山脉,颇为壮观。如果在盛夏,你在蒂娜丽公园将欣赏到满山遍野的野花。如果在秋季到公园去,则可以看到山坡上红黄的苔藓类植物,呈现出另外一种美。 其实,菲思特告诉我们,最有趣的活动莫过于在公园里的数个野营地点,度过一个与山野为伴的晚上。记者在山峦中也看到红红绿绿的一些个帐篷。在山间野营,可以数头顶上的星辰,近距离观察大灰熊,或者在岩石上阅读,应该别有一番风味。 世界上最美的道路 - 蒂娜丽公路 有人说,如果你到了阿拉斯加没有游览蒂娜丽国家公园,就等同于到了北京没有去长城,到佛罗里达没有去迪斯尼乐园一样。可是,根据我个人粗浅的感受,如果你不想浪费金钱,如果你想看到更好的美景,阿拉斯加绝对可以提供另外的替代选择。那就是蒂娜丽公路。 蒂娜丽公路是一条没有铺油的公路,一些地方甚至是石子路。这当然不是因为阿拉斯加没有钱铺路,按照阿拉斯加政府商务厅厅长诺威廉的话说,阿拉斯加政府有意没有铺好这条路,目的就是为了保护道路两边的环境,避免过多的车流量。刚开始,我们驱车行驶在这条道路上,没有感觉任何的特别,可是不久,就可以欣赏到路边美丽的河床,整齐的白杨和岸边矮矮的柳木丛。再往下走去,才渐渐领略到蒂娜丽公路的魅力。 道路一边是极为宽大的河床和从山顶流淌下来、永无止境的溪流,另一边是天然精巧的湖泊,湖泊连着山坡。山坡上是连绵的苔原类植物,高不过膝,在秋日的阳光下,深黄色的,淡黄的,深红色的,青红的,各种颜色交织在一起,像一条精心绣成的锦缎。山顶上,是皑皑白雪。 望着无尽的红彤彤的山坡,我们忍不住停下车,走到近前看个究竟。呵,让人惊讶的是大面积的红彤彤的矮生植物是蓝莓。熟透的蓝莓,饱满鲜艳,晶莹剔透,让人有些馋涎。蓝莓味道酸甜,是阿拉斯加棕熊最为喜爱的果实,也是人类食品配料里的佳品。看到这连绵不断地蓝莓丛,我们禁不住要感慨阿拉斯加自然资源之丰富。 如果这种景象只有一段路,那么蒂娜丽公路可能就没有目前的名声。实际上,这种连绵不断的锦绣一直蔓延近百公里!那时你会突然觉得自己真正地理解了锦绣河山到底是什么意思。 冰川、北极光和狗拉雪橇 有位美国人曾感叹,阿拉斯加旅游资源之丰富,它需要一生的时间来探索。这一点也没有不夸张。除了国家公园,河流,湖泊,自然景观,如果你有时间,到阿拉斯加必须观看的还有众多的冰川,海洋动物,美丽灿烂的北极光,土著居民的狗拉雪橇等。 看冰川,可以乘船,便于近距离观察大自然的奇迹。远看冰川是一条洁白的巨龙,靠近时,才发现其既有洁白无暇的一面,悬空的地方也有湛蓝晶莹的洞天。看冰川的好地方是阿拉斯加冰川湾国家公园,那里有玛格丽冰川等著名的冰川。那里还是一个观赏海洋动物的好去处。坐在客轮上,手持望远镜,你会看到岸边的棕熊在捕食三文鱼,或者某种珍惜野鸟在孵蛋。当然,运气好的话,你还会看到喷水的鲸鱼,成群的海狮,海獭,巨大的海象等动物。那里有太多的惊喜。 其实,阿拉斯加冰川之多让人惊讶。在其首府朱诺时就有一条冰川,人们可以驱车10多分钟即可到达,隔着一条小河,岸边的冰川俨然就在眼前。比较有名气的冰川,除了冰川湾国家公园的玛利亚冰川等冰川外,还有阿拉斯加南部港湾城市瓦尔迪兹附近的“出口冰川”(Exit Glacier)。还未靠近“出口冰川”,你就可以连续发现写有时间的地标。当地人说,这些地标表示在冰川曾经存在的位置。而现在,冰川已经退缩很远很远了。这也许是全球变暖的有力佐证之一吧。 北极光、狗拉雪橇、出海钓三文鱼也是游览阿拉斯加不可错过的经历。当然,这需要你有足够的时间。有位游客曾这样评价阿拉斯加,如果最低分是1分,10分是满分的话,阿拉斯加可以打20分。虽然我们只是经历了其中很少的一部分,但是,却很赞同这个评价。阿拉斯加是个写不尽,也看不尽的地方。 阿拉斯加给人的感觉是一个遥远的地方。没错,的确是个要遥远的地方。就是从美国首都华盛顿飞往阿拉斯加最大城市安克雷奇也要飞8、9个小时!即使对于普通美国人来讲,阿拉斯加似乎也只是一个遥远的城镇。 恰恰相反,阿拉斯加不是一个小城镇。不但如此,它实际上是美国最大的州。阿拉斯加有多大?1,520,000平方公里,占全美面积五分之一。在美国本土,最大的州为德克萨斯州,其次为加利福尼亚。阿拉斯加人爱说,如果把阿拉斯加分为两半,那么德克萨斯将为美国第三大州。更形象一点地说,阿拉斯加相当于4个加州。 广袤的地域也赋予阿拉斯加丰富的自然资源、渔业资源和旅游资源。阿拉斯加经济也基本以自然资源为基础: 石油、天然气、海产品、自然风景、矿物和木材。石油和天然气部门是其重要的经济基础,全州总收入的 49%来自该产业。在石油价格高涨时期,阿拉斯加曾经拿出一笔钱成立“阿拉斯加永久基金”,从1982年起阿拉斯加居民每人每年都会领取1,000美元左右的红利! 不但如此,阿拉斯加居民还享有其他州居民享受不到的其他优惠。譬如,阿拉斯加是美国唯一一个不征收州政府销售税和个人所得税的州。阿拉斯加是一片富有的土地,有当地人会说,自己是阿拉斯加人,而不说自己是美国人。 阿拉斯加热切等待中国游客 但是阻力依然存在 随着我国经济的快速发展,人民生活水平的提高,中国这个大市场也吸引着阿拉斯加的旅游业。为了更好的发展旅游业,阿拉斯加热切盼望着中国游客的到来。阿拉斯加旅游协会的全球市场经理拉尔森曾经造访中国数次,接触中国相关的旅游机构,努力销售阿拉斯加的美丽风光。拉尔森说,他们甚至为中国游客好准备了一份中文资料。 可是,如同拉尔森一两页的中文资料显然无法介绍阿拉斯加之美一样,阿拉斯加旅游部门截至目前的努力还不足以拉近中国游客和阿拉斯加之间的距离。中国游客的脚步抵达阿拉斯加的土地有诸多困难需要克服,譬如缺乏直航航班问题,旅游费用比较昂贵等问题。 但是,其中最重要的是签证问题。如何推动美国移民局放宽对中国游客的签证是阿拉斯加面临的最具挑战的问题。签证难,是个众人皆知的问题。不消说旅游,就连许多正常的学生签证、商务签证申请也常常遭到拒绝。对我国许多游客来说,到美国去旅游可能还没有列入计划。 阿拉斯加目前的游客主要来自欧洲国家,包括德国、法国、瑞士等,以及亚洲的日本和韩国。拉尔森对记者表示,他希望有一天他能够看到许多游客来自中国。 阿拉斯加州 Alaska State 阿拉斯加小档案 州名:阿拉斯加( ALASKA), 简称AK,美国50个州之一 建州日:1959年1月3日,为美国第49个州 面积:1,520,000平方公里,占全国面积五分之一,美国最大的州 首府 :朱诺(JUNEAU),30,981人口(2002年数字),位于阿拉斯加东南区,只可从水路或空中交通到达,无陆路相通。阿拉斯加政府机构所在。 最长的白昼与黑夜 :在白令地区,每年5月10日太阳升起后在随后的3个月里将不再落下;而每年11月18日日落之后当地居民将有2个多月看不见太阳冉冉升起。 概述 美国面积最大、人口最少的州。位于北美洲西北角,西隔白令海峡与俄罗斯相望,南靠太平洋和阿拉斯加湾,东与加拿大育空地区分界,东南延伸的狭长地带包括大陆沿岸部分和亚历山大群岛,与加拿大育空地区和不列颠哥伦比亚省毗邻。面积153.07万平方千米。人口约55万,其中白人占77%。首府朱诺。 北部为山脉,中部为育空高原,南部也为山地,其中麦金利山海拔6193米,为北美洲最高峰。气候凉湿,海洋性显著。 北部沿海原有爱斯基摩人居住,南部森林地带原有印第安人部落。1741年丹麦人维他斯·白令为俄国人探险,首次到达阿拉斯加。1784年俄国人在南岸的科迪亚克岛建立第一个定居点。1799年开设俄罗斯美洲公司,对当地居民实行殖民统治。1867年美国政府以 720万美元从俄国手中购得。1896年育空高原发现金矿,掀起淘金热。1912年设阿拉斯加地区。1959年成为美国第49州。 采矿业在经济中居突出地位。50年代在南部库克湾地区首次发现石油。1968年北坡大油田的发现,使得石油开采跃居矿业首位。其他矿产有金、铜、银、煤等。北坡油田的普拉德霍湾油田是美国最大油田,至南部不冻港瓦尔迪兹长达1285千米的输油管于1977年开始运营。工业以鱼类加工和木材加工为主,新兴部门有炼油、石油化工、液化天然气、化肥等。渔业发达,大马哈鱼为主要鱼类。出产海獭、蓝狐、红狐、黑貂等珍贵毛皮。农业薄弱,80%以上食品进口。80~90年代以后旅游业发展迅速。全州建有公路和各种道路约2万千米,干线铁路长达758千米。飞机场几乎遍及每一城镇,为联系州内外各地的主要交通工具。有定期航班直飞本土西雅图和加拿大温哥华。安克雷奇为全州最大城市和经济中心。 地理位置 位于北美大陆西北端,东与加拿大接壤,另三面环北冰洋、白令海和北太平洋。按地理区划可划分为西南区、极北区、内陆区、中南区和东南区。 地貌特征 山脉:在美国20座最高的山脉中,有17座位于阿拉斯加,包括北美最高峰麦金利峰(6194米)。 火山:阿拉斯加拥有70多座潜在的活火山。最近一个世纪以来最剧烈的火山喷发是在1912年NOVARUPTA火山喷发,形成了著名的万烟谷(the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes),现在它已成为KATMAI国家纪念馆的一部分。 冰川:世界上大多数活动冰川位于阿拉斯加,该州最大的冰川叫MALASPINA,流域面积达850平方英里。 气候 东南部与中南部为温带气候,全年气温约0-15℃;内陆为大陆型气候,夏季极昼时可达26℃,冬季极夜时可达-15℃;西部与西南部受海洋影响,寒冷风大;北极圈内为极地气候,气温全年处于零下。 人口及民族 人口626,932(2000年统计资料,比1991年增长10%),其中约有10万为原住民:爱斯基摩人、阿留申人、印第安人。全州人口平均年龄31岁。 近半数人口居住在城市,其中超过一半的居民住在中南部的安克雷奇市附近。 主要城市 安克雷奇(ANCHORAGE), 269,070人口(2002年数字,其中10.4%人口为原住民或带有原住民血统),阿拉斯加州第一大城市,位于阿拉斯加中南区,从西雅图飞行3个小时可到达。全州商业中心,交通枢纽。 费尔班克斯(FAIRBANKS),29,670人口(2002年数字),位于阿拉斯加州内陆。 交通 阿拉斯加公路是本州通往外界的唯一陆路。在沿岸地区,阿拉斯加水上公路(Marine Highway)非常重要,这个航运系统可运送许多旅客往来州内的28个城镇,也可以到达本土的华盛顿州、加拿大的英属哥伦比亚(British Columbia)和柏林汗(Bellingham)。连接苏华德(Seward)和费尔班克斯(Fairbanks)的阿拉斯加铁路,全长470里。 在北阿拉斯加地区,雪上摩托车(snowmobiles)与传统的狗橇,并列为冬季最普遍的交通工具,而在道路稀少、地形崎岖的乡村地区,全履带机 动车(All terrain vehicles)也是重要的交通工具。主要港口有Dutch Harbor港 和 Kodiak港 州标志物 州旗:蓝底代表天空及州花勿忘我。 北极星代表方位最北的阿拉斯加州的未来发展,而北斗七星则代表大熊座,象征力量。由13岁的BENNY BENSON在1927年设计。 州花:勿忘我,一种浅蓝色小花,能适应阿拉斯加境内各种不同的气候。 州树:雄伟高大的云杉,在阿拉斯加州的东南区和中部都可以找到这种长青树。 州鱼:阿拉斯加的水域可捕到超过100磅重的王鲑(chinnok salmon)。 州鸟:柳松鸡(the willow ptarmigan),外形与雉鸡相似,羽毛会随着冬雪的来临由浅棕色转为雪白色。 运动:狗拉雪橇曾是阿拉斯加许多地方的主要交通工具,至今仍是某些乡间地区的重要交通工具,今日则成为一种广受欢迎的夏日运动。 贸易 主要出口产品:海鲜产品、石油和天然气、矿产品、木材、肥料等 主要出口伙伴:日本,韩国,加拿大,德国,比利时,中国,墨西哥和中国台湾 主要节假日 阿拉斯加享受美国所有主要的假日,还包括3月的最后一个周一的“Seward's Day”和10月18日阿拉斯加加入美国纪念日。 地理区划(Regional Areas) 西南区(SOUTHWEST) 包括从阿留申群岛的草原到Katmai国家公园的火山区,是最初的俄裔美国人踏上阿拉斯加的落脚点,只能通过航空和水路进入。全国三大渔港中有两个就在该区,Kodiak港为北美第一大港。此区的原住民是以篮编手艺闻名的Yupik 爱斯基摩人和阿留申人。这片水域孕育多种海洋生物,阿留申群岛上也聚集有230多种的鸟类。 极北区(FARNORTH) 这里是Inupiat 爱斯基摩人的家园,也是出现极光和极昼的地区。传统的爱斯基摩生活、现代的石油科技,和大群的野生驯鹿交织成独特的景象。Kotzebu和Barrow是阿拉斯加最大的两个爱斯基摩人社区。区内Dalton公路使Prudhoe 海湾与阿拉斯加公路系统连接,是唯一可以进入北极地区的道路。 内陆区(INTERIOR) Yukon河是地球上最北的河,长约2,000英里,贯穿阿拉斯加内陆区和加拿大,从Klondike古城流入白令海,主要的原住民是Athabascan印第安人,以编织珠饰品闻名于世。 阿拉斯加第二大城市费尔班克斯位于此区的中部,掘起于淘金热时期,是贸易和交通中心,拥有海、陆军基地,阿拉斯加大学也坐落在此。 麦金利山是北美洲最高峰,四周被Denali国家保护公园环绕,公园内有许多野生动物如驯鹿、扁角鹿、多尔大角羊和灰熊等出没。 中南区(SOUTH CENTRAL) 阿拉斯加山脉将阿拉斯加湾的曲线清楚的勾勒出来,也形成了阿拉斯加中南区的外观。 阿拉斯加州一半以上的居民都居住在此,这里有冰川、峡湾、路旁湖泊、平静的海滩和蕴育鲑鱼的河川,一年四季,美不胜收。这里有大片的农田、钓鱼区、国家公园、滑雪胜地和国际都市安克雷奇(Anchorage)。州内重要的公路交通线都通过此区,阿拉斯加铁路线和阿拉斯加航运系统也经过此区。安克雷奇是重要的交通枢纽,可以便捷地到达麦金利山、Denali国家公园、费尔班克斯等。安克雷奇也是太平洋大圆航线的必经之地。 东南区(SOUTHEAST) 阿拉斯加东南区的内陆走廊是冰河切割地形,生长着铁杉和云杉,有天然的原始水域、雪峰、深峡湾和森林屿岛,也是秃鹰、海狮、海豚和鲸鱼的主要栖息地。 历史(History) 阿拉斯加的历史是人类发现并适应这个丰富多样化的地理环境的历程。从人类踏上这块土地开始,它就一直对生活在此间的人类产生着深刻的影响。 最早的阿拉斯加人(THE FIRST ALASKANS) 约在15,000年前的冰川期,地球表面大多被冰雪覆盖。今天沉没在洋底的大片陆地当时是屹立于海平面以上的,其中一块就连接着阿拉斯加和西伯利亚。人类学家相信多数阿拉斯加原住民是从西伯利亚南下北美的游牧猎人。 这些首批登陆阿拉斯加的人主要有三个种族:爱斯基摩人、阿留申人和印第安人。 爱斯基摩人分散在阿拉斯加的北部和西部地区;阿留申人主要定居在阿留申群岛;印第安人的两大族the Tligits和the Athabascan则主要定居在东南部和中部地区。 The Tligits(读音为KLINK-ITS)印第安人在森林茂密、鱼群丰富、食物充沛的阿拉斯加东南部繁衍,以图腾柱、庆典服饰与精致地毯著称。 他们也是凶悍的战士,当首批俄国人带着枪炮想进驻Sitka时,他们奋勇赶走了入侵者。 生活在中部地区的The Athabascan印第安人生活环境相对艰苦,忍饥挨饿是经常的事。他们是天生的狩猎好手,经常长距离追捕驯鹿和大型鹿,钓鲑鱼等河鱼,还与其他部族交易毛皮等物品。 爱斯基摩人住在The Athabascans印第安人的北面和西面,他们在贫瘠的土地上狩猎、捕鱼并在短暂凉爽的夏季采集莓子和根生植物。勇猛的爱斯基摩人乘坐狭小的兽皮独木舟猎捕鲸鱼、海象、海豹和北极熊。 他们随着驯鹿群迁移,并狩猎海陆鸟类。 阿拉斯加人口最少的原住民阿留申人远离海洋居住,他们的衣、食、住、取暖乃至工具却都来自海洋及岸边的生物。 他们虽不擅航海,但有时也乘兽皮独木舟划行几百英里进行易货贸易、拜访友人或袭击敌人。 新定居者(NEW SETTLERS) 一直到17世纪才有人发现这块阿留申人称作 “Alyeska”或“大地”的地方。 1741年6月,丹麦探险家Vitus Bering率领一批俄国水手从西伯利亚出发向东寻找新大陆。7月16日他们发现了阿拉斯加大陆,而在阿拉斯加水域生长的水獭成为这次探险最大的发现。 到了1745年俄国猎人就在阿留申群岛建立了稳固的狩猎基地,从而开始了阿拉斯加的殖民时期。 紧随其后的是英国、西班牙和美国的探险家,但真正留下来对阿拉斯加有重大影响的还是俄国人。 1784年他们在科迪亚克岛(KODIAK)建立了第一个永久定居点。到1799年为止,他们的触角一直延伸至东南海岸的Sitka,俄国对阿拉斯加的主权拥有就此确立。 这些俄国后裔在阿拉斯加的土地上不断生息繁衍壮大。19世纪20年代欧洲战争爆发后,俄国疲于应战,无暇旁顾,其他国家的捕鲸人和皮毛商纷纷迁至这块俄属地域。 随着皮毛贸易收益的减弱,俄国对阿拉斯加也感到索然无味。 淘金热与政府(GOLD AND GOVERNMENT) William H. Seward曾先后担任林肯和约翰逊两位美国总统的国务卿,在南北战争后期他以每公亩仅2分钱,总价720万美元的价格向俄国购买阿拉斯加。 这桩买卖当时被许多美国人诟病,把阿拉斯加讥讽为“Seward的冰盒”、“Seward的愚行”。尽管如此,1867年10月18日美国星条旗第一次在阿拉斯加飘扬起来。 然而在接下来的许多年里联邦政府并不太在意这块最新的版图,只是1877年在SITKA设立了一个税收机构,掌管阿拉斯加约153万平方英里的土地和大约40,000的居民。直到发现黄金,情况才有了改变。 阿拉斯加有黄金是早已众所周知的事,但淘金热的真正形成是在Joe Junean和Richard Harris发现黄金之后。成百上千的淘金者纷纷涌入这个后来以JUNEAN(朱诺)命名的黄金城。 1897年在加拿大Yukon地区的Klondike河也发现了黄金,于是约10万淘金者又奔向了那里。 1898年淘金的热点又转向Nome附近的海滩,一夜之间,这里帐篷林立。截至1900年,232艘船总共运来了将近18,000名淘金者。 黄金把全世界的注意力都吸引到阿拉斯加。 报纸报道了发生在SKAGWAY和NOME两地的无政府状态下的混乱状况,不管报道夸大与否,在阿拉斯加建立法治的必要性凸现出来。 1900年制定了法律,建立了司法系统,但一直到1912年阿拉斯加才真正享有美国领土的地位。 在淘金热的光芒掩盖之下,另外一个不很引人注意的行业却在悄然兴起,它将成为阿拉斯加经济发展的主要支柱,这就是鲑鱼捕钓加工业。 到1900年,在KETCHIKAN和BRISTOL 海湾之间已建有50多家鲑鱼罐头厂。 在随后的数十年里,遥远的联邦政府一直忙于应付经济大萧条和欧洲战争的内忧外患。但在1941年对日宣战后,联邦政府突然意识到了阿拉斯加的战略地位。 1943年日本侵略阿留申群岛,当时约有140,000军队驻扎阿拉斯加,随即发生的阿留申战役(也称为“千里战争”),成为继美国南北战争以来发生在美国本土上的第一场战役。 为了给驻扎在阿拉斯加军队提供后勤补给,从加拿大到阿拉斯加的FAIRBANKS(费尔班克斯)之间修建了一条1523英里长的砂石公路,历时仅八个月。 至今这条公路仍是阿拉斯加州与美国其它州联系的唯一陆路。 美国第49州(THE 49TH STATE) 从阿拉斯加刚加入美国领土时起,许多居民就希望在此立州,但美国自1912年以来就再未成立新州,国会最初也不太愿意理会这块面积广大、人口稀少的领土上居民的要求。 但阿拉斯加人从未放弃,终于在1958年6月30日国会通过了阿拉斯加的立州法案。 1959年1月3日阿拉斯加正式成为美国的第49州。 由民选议员起草、选民表决通过的阿拉斯加州宪法同时生效。阿拉斯加州长、副州长的选举每四年举行一次。 阿拉斯加州州长有权任命该州14个部的部长及其它官员,被公认为全国权力最大的州长之一。 阿拉斯加州议会由参议院和众议院组成,包括40位任期2年的众议员和20位任期4年的参议员。 每年议会都在朱诺开会,通过州预算并制定新的法律。 阿拉斯加的地方政府设置主要是CITY(城市)和BOROUGH,BOROUGH类似于其它州的COUNTY(郡)。 阿拉斯加比其它州更特殊的地方在于,它尚有多数土地未被列入行政区划。目前设立的13个郡仅包括了该州三分之一的土地。 阿拉斯加拥有2位任期为6年的国家参议员和一位任期为2年的国家众议员。 |
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