1. 关于海洋的灾害
这本书主要讲述了许多发生在海洋中的可怕灾难，包括海难、海啸、漏油等事件，并探讨了这些事件可能产生的原因和对环境和人类造成的影响。同时，书中还介绍了海洋生态系统、海洋科学以及人类在探索和保护海洋方面所做的努力。
2. 关于海洋灾害的预防,说法错误的是( )
如何抵御强风暴潮、巨浪、海啸等重大海洋灾害的袭击，是浙江海洋防灾减灾工作面临的巨大考验。长期以来，浙江省委、省政府高度重视海洋防灾减灾工作，成立了由分管副省长挂帅的海洋灾害应急指挥部，建立健全全省海洋防灾减灾体系，印发了《浙江省人民政府办公厅关于加强海洋灾害防御工作的意见》和《浙江省海洋灾害防御“十二五”规划》，对海洋灾害防御进行了系统和全面的部署。近年来，随着沿海开发开放脚步不断加快，浙江越来越关注城市高速发展中凸显的海洋灾害风险问题。
以“链式”减灾措施应对“链式”灾害风险，这就是浙江给出的答案。灾害承灾体调查、重点防御区划定、灾害风险评估、近岸城市预报等，构成了浙江应对海洋灾害的清晰路径。
开展海洋灾害承灾体调查是摸清灾害底数的重要基础。近岸海洋灾害最终危害体现在社会的承灾体属性上，同样的灾害叠加在不同的承灾体上造成的危害千差万别。浙江花了2年多时间，对全省沿海33个县(市、区)28类承灾体进行了全面的调查和风险排查。彻底摸清了沿海地区海洋灾害承载体的分布情况及其属性，分析了其脆弱性特征，排查了沿海地区存在的海洋灾害安全隐患，全方位编制了海洋灾害风险隐患清单。
开展风暴潮灾害重点防御区选划明确灾害防御的重点。《海洋观测预报管理条例》明确提出要求国务院海洋主管部门和沿海省、自治区、直辖市人民政府确定海洋灾害重点防御区。浙江收集了沿海33个县(市、区)的潮位观测资料和历史风暴潮灾害损失资料，根据相关导则和方法，从不同的角度初步划定出了浙江沿海风暴潮灾害重点防御区，向依法治海和依法治灾方向走出了坚实的一步。
推进以县为单元灾害风险评估是精确掌握未来极端状况下灾害分布的重要手段。在承灾体调查的基础上，浙江开展了风暴潮和海啸灾害风险评估，利用先进的建模手段和分析方法，对于未来可能发生的风暴潮和海啸灾害的淹没范围、灾害风险分布和人员撤离疏散路线进行了准确的研判。目前，全省沿海近50%的县(市、区)已经完成了灾害风险评估，相关成果已经在防御灾害中得到应用和推广。
做好近岸城市海洋环境预报是将灾害信息精确传递至社会公众的重要途径。近年来，社会公众对精细化海洋预报信息的需求持续增长，特别是近岸海域分地区、分岸段、有针对性的海洋预报服务尤其受到关注，近岸城市海洋环境预报成为解决这一矛盾需求的突破口。浙江从实际出发，着眼于未来发展，向全省41个预报海域，提供72小时的预警报信息。进一步满足了我省沿海政府部门、涉海企业、社会公众对近岸海域预报服务信息的广泛需求，保障沿海城市海洋经济的健康持续发展，确保沿海地区人民群众的生命和财产安全。
为有力支撑“海洋经济强省”建设战略，“十三五”期间，浙江将在不断强化海洋灾害治理和危机应对的基础上，进一步聚焦城市安全，更好统筹海洋防灾减灾规划设计与沿海城市社会发展、生态环境、土地利用、产业布局等的有机联系，全面提升对海洋灾害风险和城市安全保障的顶层设计和系统管理能力
3. 关于海洋灾害的预防说法错误的是
海冰，即直接由海水冻结而成的咸水冰。
海冰漂浮在海面上，阻碍船只航行，甚至会引发沉船事故；它们还会将宽广的海面冻结起来，困住船只，甚至将船只挤碎。此外，海冰还会损坏海洋建筑，影响海产养殖业，给沿海地区人们造成巨大影响。
海冰出现后，有时会影响海洋水文状况、大气环流以及海洋气候。此外，海冰还会给海上运输、海洋渔业以及海洋油气资源开发等活动带来直接损失。
4. 关于海洋灾害的结课论文2500字
一项新的研究警告称，全球海洋吸收的热量远比人们以前认为的要多得多。研究人员指出，研究结果显示，这些水体对污染的敏感度可能高于预期，这对IPCC 2014年气候变化评估构成了挑战。为此，来自普林斯顿大学和斯克利普斯海洋研究所的研究小组使用了另外一种不同的技术来测量海洋储存的热量。
研究由美国国家海洋与大气管理局(NOAA)资助。在这项研究中，科学家们发现海洋吸收的热量比过去估算的要多出60%。
5. 关于海洋灾害,下列说法正确的是( )
不包括。
海洋灾害主要指风暴潮灾害、海浪灾害，海冰灾害、海雾灾害、飓风灾害、地震海啸灾害及赤潮、海水入侵、溢油灾害等突发性的自然灾害。
温室效应是指透射阳光的密闭空间由于与外界缺乏热对流而形成的保温效应，即太阳短波辐射可以透过大气射入地面，而地面增暖后放出的长波辐射却被大气中的二氧化碳等物质所吸收，从而产生大气变暖的效应。
6. 关于海洋灾害下列说法错误的是
自然灾害根据成因和特点，可以分为气象灾害、地质灾害、海洋灾害和生物灾害四大类。
例如让土地变成龟甲一样的干旱，能卷走屋顶的台风，迷眼睛呛鼻子的沙尘暴,还有热带气旋、雪暴（伴有强降雪的风S)、冻害等由于天气异常引起的灾害都可以归到气象灾害这一类中。而让房屋倒塌的地震，被称为“死亡地毯”的泥石流，山体整个发生移动的滑坡，岩石在重力作用下突然脱离母体而崩塌，还有地面塌陷等则属于地质灾害。海洋灾害有风暴潮、海啸、赤潮等，灾害性现象“厄尔尼诺”和“拉尼娜”既与大气有关，也与海洋有关。生物灾害以病虫害及生物入侵为主。当然，还有其他的分类方法。举两个例子来说，根据灾害的危害程度，可以将其分为特大灾害、大灾害、中灾害和小灾害。根据灾害形成的前后关系,可分为原生灾害和次生灾害。
7. 关于海洋的灾害有哪些
“海中断崖”或者叫“海水断崖”，在本质上是由海水出现密度跃层导致的，当某个区域的海水出现密度跃层时，就会导致附近海域的浮力出现变化，比如浮力骤减，而这种浮力变化所带来的后果就是：一些人造的潜航器，比如像海军的潜艇，就会由于受到的浮力减小而被海水拉到一个超出自身耐压壳抗压极限的深度，从而导致潜艇的艇身破裂，以致沉没等事故。所以，想要知道什么是海中断崖，就要先知道海水的“密度跃层”是怎么一回事？
▲密跃层
那么，什么是海水密度跃层呢？首先，大家都知道，决定海水浮力大小的，其实就是海水的密度，密度大的海水，浮力就大；反之，浮力就小。而海水的密度又和它的含盐量（或者叫“盐度”）与温度有关，在其他条件不变的情况下，海水的盐度越高，其密度就越大，浮力也就越大，即：海水的浮力和它的盐度成正相关的关系；而温度则刚好相反，其他条件不变时，海水的温度越高，其密度反而越小，浮力也就越小，即：海水的浮力和温度之间成负相关关系。而在一般情况下，深层海水的盐度密度变化虽然不大，但是随着深度的加深，盐度变化的总体趋势也是增大的，同时，深度越大，海水的温度也会越低。所以，简单来说就是：海水的密度与深度成正相关，深度越大，密度就越大，浮力也就越大。如下图所示，为海水的深度和密度变化对比图：
▲海水深度和密度变化对比
所以，在正常情况下，都是下层海水（深度大）密度要大于上层海水（深度小）密度的，并且这种密度的变化相对连续。而当出现题目中提到的“海中断崖”时，这个时候则是刚好反过来，变成了上层海水的密度要大于下层海水的密度，即海水的密度层出现了不连续且剧烈的跃变，也就是上面说到的“海水密度跃层”。而这种海水密度跃层的出现，对水中的各种人造潜航器来说是非常致命的，比如对于潜艇来说，在正常情况下，潜航状态的潜艇受到的水的浮力大小是等于它自身重力的，而一旦遇到了由密度跃层导致的“海中断崖”，那么此时海水对潜艇的浮力就会小于潜艇自身的重力，从而导致潜艇因为浮力不足而下沉，而一旦下沉的深度超过了潜艇耐压壳的极限潜深，那么潜艇就会因为壳体破损而沉没。
▲“长尾鲨号”核潜艇事故搜救现场
因此，这种难以预测的“海中断崖”，对包括潜艇在内的水下潜航器来说，一旦遇上可能就是“艇毁人亡”下场，而现实中，因为“海中断崖”而导致的各种事故其实有不少，举个例子，美国海军的“长尾鲨号”核潜艇，于1963年在大西洋距波士顿港口350公里处海域，遇上了因为海底内波运动而导致的“海中断崖”，最终的结果就是潜艇被海水带到了深海沉没，艇上总共129名艇员全部遇难。不过看到这里，大家可能会产生一个疑问，在正常情况下，都是那些温度高、密度小的海水浮在温度低、密度大的海水上面的，在什么情况下才会反过来，变成密度大的海水出现在密度小的海水的下面这种反常的“密度跃层”现象呢？原因主要有以下这几种：
1、前面提到的海洋内波运动，当出现海底火深喷发、海底地震等剧烈自然灾害时，这种明显的外力干扰就会使密度分层的海水出现一种内波扰动，而在内波的波谷与波峰之间，就会出现密度跃层；
2、深海地貌出现了断层，在这种情况下，冰冷的下层洋流就会沿着海底的断层面爬升，从而导致温度低、密度大的下层海水出现在密度相对较小的暖流上面；
3、海水温度在短时间内出现剧变，比如地壳运动导致海底出现了热异常，从而使下层海水由于温度骤升而密度变小。
▲海水密度变化的温度-盐度图
因此，有关“海中断崖”的内容到这里基本上就说完了，简单概括一下“海中断崖”就是指：下层海水的密度因为某些原因而变得小于下层海水的密度，从而导致下层海水浮力变小。其实，所谓的“海水密度跃层”，除了会出现海底断崖这种情况之外，还会出现一种叫做“液体海底”的密度跃层现象，这里也给大家简单解释一下什么是“液体海底”，顾名思义，“液体海底”就是指下层海水的密度因为某些原因骤增，从而导致其浮力增大，使潜艇等潜航器出现“下潜困难”，就好像已经触碰到了坚实的海底一样，所以，这种密度和浮力骤增的特殊情况就被叫做“液体海底”。总之，不管是海中断崖，还是液体海底，归根结底都是和海水的密度跃层有关。
8. 关于海洋灾害的预防下列说法错误的是
海洋技术是指应用科学和工程原理研究开发、利用海洋资源实现海洋经济繁荣和海洋环境保护的技术体系。海洋技术的研究和开发主要包括海洋勘探和开发、海洋资源开发利用、海洋工程设计以及海洋环境监测等方面。此外，海洋技术还涉及到海上运输、能源开发等方面的技术，它对国家的经济发展和社会进步起着非常重要的作用。
9. 关于海洋的灾害英语作文
Pollution
Sea pollution is becoming an increasing problem for our planet and we have a responsibility to reduce sea pollution.
I need to describe the problem. Our ship currently dumps all its rubbish into the sea.It's easy to result in huge endanger. First of all, Non-organic substances such as plastic bags kill fish and whales. Because fish get trapped and whales cannot digest them. Secondly some rubbish is inherently toxic.
I can suggest some solutions. First and foremost we can create a better system of disposing of rubbish for instance. We ought to store rubbish. Next, we are supposed to make ships environmentally and friendly. A case in point is that we should stop providing plastic bags.
We must act now before it is too late!
海洋污染英语作文二：Reduce Sea Pollution
Several problems are caused by the non-organic substance. We ought not to pour wastes into the ocean, because it not only pollutes the ocean, but also lead to a series of harmful consequence. First and foremost, the non-organnic things, for instance, plastic bags, may kill fish and whales. Second, fishes can't digest them. Finally, some of the rubbish is inherently toxic, they will posion marine life.
We must take actions to protect our whale from dying. One thing we should do is creating a better system of disposing of rubbish. Another effective solution is making ships environmentally friendly. Sypermarkets shall stop the giving of plastic bags.
As a captain of the ship, you should spare no efforts to think more helpful ideas and stop dumping rubbish from now on. We all need to raise awareness of these problems. It now becomes necessary that we must act now, before it is too late!
海洋污染英语作文三：Sea pollution
Between 75 and 80% of marine pollution is caused by land, particularly agriculture. 30% of this is from the atmosphere. Around 12% of the pollution is caused by maritime transport.
In South America, 98% of domestic wastewater ends up, untreated, in the sea. The countries along the Mediterranean Sea throw 50 million tons of waste into it every year and the Chinese throw 60 million tons of waste into the Yellow sea daily. Over half of the hydrocarbon discharge comes from continents, 5% comes from oil tanker accidents, 20% comes from waste and other ship-related accidents, 4% from sea exploitation and 11 to 15% is due to natural causes. Accidental pollution through hydrocarbon is significantly decreasing and only represents a small percentage of waste through degassing estimated at between 1.5 and 3 million tons of oil a year. In 2003, according to the WWF, between 0.7 and 1.3 million tons of oil were spread by degassing in the Mediterranean. According to the Ifremer (the French Institute for Exploitation of the Sea), coastal water pollution cost the world economy almost 12.8 billion dollars in 2006.
Marine pollution is the result of products being thrown into seas and oceans, mostly by mnkind: domestic waste (sewage and rubbish, pollutants in runoff water...), industrial waste (hydrocarbons, metals, synthetic chemical and organic substances, radionuclides...) and agricultural waste (fertilisers, pesticides...).
This includes water pollution and marine sediments, and more generally all damage to marine ecosystems caused by harmful substances being discharged into the sea, either by their nature or their quantity.
海洋污染英语作文四：Sea Pollution
Marine environment is one in water, seawater tolerance hydrolyzate and suspended solids, seabed sediment and marine organisms, including complex systems. Ocean rich biological resources, mineral resources, chemical resources and power resources is an indispensable resource treasure house of human beings, with human survival and development of the relationship very close.
The main objective of the current marine conservation is to protect the living marine resources, so as not to failure, in order for human sustainable use. In particular, give priority to protect those valuable and critically endangered marine life. According to the UN for investigation, due to overfishing, accidental capture and killing of non-target to allow hunting of marine, coastal shoreline construction, mangrove deforestation, widespread marine pollution, at least the world's 25 most valuable fishery resources depleted, whales, sea turtles, manatees and many other marine animals face extinction risk. Is expected that with the expansion of the scale of ocean development,Marine living resources are likely to cause more damage.
The task of the first marine protected right to stop over-exploitation of living marine resources and secondly to protect the habitat of marine life or habitat, in particular, their migration, spawning, foraging, avoiding predators coast, tidal flats, estuaries, coral reefs, it is necessary to prevent the heavy metals, pesticides, oil, organic and easy to produce nutrients such as eutrophication of marine pollution. Preservation of the marine living resources of the natural regeneration capacity and water purification capacity, preservation of the marine ecological balance, to ensure sustainable human development and utilization of the oceans.
海洋污染英语作文五：Polluting the seas
The seas and oceans receive the brunt of human waste, whether it is by deliberate dumping or by natural run-off from the land.
In fact over 80% of all marine pollution comes from land-based activities and many pollutants are deposited in estuaries and coastal waters. Here the pollutants enter marine food chains, building up their concentrations until they reach toxic levels. It often takes human casualties to alert us to pollution and such was the case in Minimata Bay in Japan when many people died as a result of a pollutant building up in food chains. A factory was discharging waste containing methyl mercury in low concentrations into the sea and as this pollutant passed through food chains it became more concentrated in the tissues of marine organisms until it reached toxic levels.
As a consequence 649 people died from eating fish and shellfish contaminated with mercury and 3500 people suffered from mercury poisoning.
海洋污染英语作文六：Sea Pollution
From the overall situation, wastewater emissions growth speed. Is expected in 2000 will reach 666 tons. City life sewage volume will continue to increase, in 2000 reached about 783 tons. The wastewater of low (estimated at 20% ~ 30%),most of untreated wastewater directly or indirectly discharged into the water body, the serious pollution of water resources. China's seven major river systems in nearly half of serious pollution, city section of river water qualitygenerally exceed the standard 86%. The polluted water, more serious is the Huaihe, Haihe, Liaohe, Songhua River, the downstream Yangtze River and the Pearl River Delta industries in developed region.
River city section of riverpollution, heavy on the river, north to south. In 1990, 94 river city section of evaluation, 65 are subject to different degrees of pollution, accounting for 69.1%, the main pollutants ammonia nitrogen, volatile phenol and oxygen consumption of organic matter. According to the survey, 700000000 peopledrinking water the Escherichi a coli exceed the standard, 164000000 people drink organic pollution of water, 35000000 people nitrate drinking water exceed the standard.
Huaihe is one of the most polluted rivers. Huaihe in the evaluation of the 2000kilometers of the river, 78.7% river does not meet the drinking water standard,the 79.7% section does not meet the standard of fishery water, 32% do not meet the standard of irrigation water. According to statistics, the national 3000 heavily polluting enterprises, enterprises of wastewater discharge of industrial pollution,Huaihe River Basin accounts for 160. A sewage units 1.55 182 towns within the basin, industrial wastewater emissions of 1610000000 cubic meters, 700000000 cubic meters of urban living water emissions. Huaihe sewage irrigation farmland,causing serious crop production; in 1989 the occasion of the Spring Festival, the sewage discharge upstream gate opening, the tap water in Huainan, Bengbu twocity is seriously polluted and not drinking, Huaihe basin, the public drinking watercrisis, people Voices of discontent.
Huaihe basin in many areas of cancer incidence rate than the normal area than 10 times to hundreds of times, some villages in 2/3 of hepatomegaly. At the same time, due to the pollution of the estuary, anadromous fish resources has been damaged, the sharp drop in output, part of the in
10. 关于海洋灾害的预防
主要职责如下：
1.负责海洋与主要渔业水域环境的调查、监视、监测、评价工作，负责赤潮等海洋灾害的预警报工作。
2.承担县级人民政府审批的用海项目的海域使用论证工作；为用海单位提供项目论证技术咨询服务。
3.承担海洋与渔业水域污染事件的调查、取证和所造成经济损失的估算工作，为污染案件的查处提供公正合法的依据。
4.开展海域勘界和测量技术服务。
5.做好本站实验仪器设备的管理工作。
6.建立全市海洋与渔业水域环境数据库，做好内部信息资料的保密工作。
7.承担上级主管部门交办的其他工作任务。
