1. 船舶smc证书是什么意思

国际海事组织于2017年7月19日通过的FAL.2/Circ.131，MEPC.1/Circ.873，MSC.1/Circ.1586和LEG.2/Circ.3号通函，把船上应配备的证书或文件清单做了更新，结合通函、船旗国和实船文件记录的要求，下面按各公约要求，梳理一下船舶应配备的证书、文件和记录清单（包括但不限于，括号内为相应公约要求出处，以及具体时间和总吨要求）,内容仅供参考。

【由船旗国签发】

1、国籍证书；

2、最低配员证书（SOLAS CV/R14.2）；

3、电台执照；

4、船长、高级船员或普通船员证书；

5、燃油污染损害民事责任保险证书BCC（1000总吨以上船舶）；

6、残骸移除证书WRC（300总吨以上船舶）；

7、油污损害民事赔偿责任保险CLC（2000载重吨以上散装货油船）；

8、连续概要记录CSR；

9、船旗国年税单（个别船旗要求，如Panama）。

【SOLAS公约】

1、SOLAS CI/12要求的免除证书（一般不适用）；

2、PSPC涂层技术案卷（CII-1/R3-2,2008.7.1以后合同，或2009.1.1以后龙骨，或2012.7.1以后交船）；

3、船上应急拖带程序（CII-1/R3-4）；

4、建造完工图纸（CII-1/R3-7，2007.1.1以后建造，管理公司同时也应保存一套）；

5、完整稳性资料(所有客船，及24m以上货船，CII-1/R5 & R5-1)；

6、噪声检验报告（CII-1/R3-12，1600总吨以上，2014.7.1以后合同，或2015.1.1以后龙骨，或2018.7.1以后交船，应满足MSC.338(91)标准。对2009.1.1-2015.1.1之间龙骨的船舶，应满足《船上噪声等级规则》的要求）；

7、破损控制图及手册(CII-1/R19,MSC.1/Circ.1245)；

8、船舶操纵手册(Manoeuvring Booklet)(CII-1/R28, IMO A.601(15),MSC.137(76)和MSC/Circ.1053)；

9、SOLAS CII-1/CII-2/CIII提到的替代设计和布置评估报告（一般不适用）；

10、船舶维护保养计划（CII-2/R14）；

11、消防演习记录（CII-2/R15.2.2.5）；

12、消防安全培训手册（应由船舶工作语言写成，船员餐厅、娱乐室及每一船员住舱配备，CII-2/R15.2.3）；

13、消防安全操作手册（编写配备要求同上，CII-2/R16.2）；

14、防火控制图/手册（CII-2/R15.2.4 & R15.3.2）；

15、直升机操作手册（CII-2/R18.8.1，1999.7.1以后建造130m以上的客滚船，或悬挂澳大利亚旗及航行于澳大利亚所属水域的船舶，或其他需要的船舶）；

16、更换现有救生艇释放和回收系统验收声明（CIII/R1.5，LSA4.4.7.6，所有船舶，在2014.7.1之后的第一次坞检安装，但不迟于2019.7.1）。或：可接受的替代救生艇释放装置的声明（2011.5.20之前建造的救生艇，未在2014.7.1之后的第一次坞检时，按照LSA4.4.7.6要求改造的艇钩）；

17、应变部署表和应变须知（CIII/R8 & R37）；

18、营救落水人员计划（CIII/R17-1，MSC.346(91)和MSC.1/Circ.1447）；

19、培训手册（CIII/R35）；

20、无线电记录（CIV/R17）；

21、VDR或S-VDR年度测试报告及符合证书COC（CV/R18.8）；

22、AIS测试报告（CV/R18.9）；

23、LRIT符合性测试报告（CV/R19-1, MSC.1/Circ.1307）；

24、海图和航海出版物（CV/R19和R27）；

25、国际信号规则和IAMSAR手册第III卷（CV/R21）；

26、引水梯证书及使用和维护记录（CV/23.2.4，2012.7.1以后安装的引水梯）；

27、航行活动记录（CV/R26 & R28.1，如果航海日志中未记载这种信息，则应以主管机关认可的其他形式作记录）；

28、货物系固手册（CVI/R5.6 & CVII/R5）；

29、货船安全构造证书SC（500总吨以上货船）；

30、货船安全设备证书SE及其Form E（500总吨以上货船）；

31、货船安全无线电证书SR及其Form R（300总吨以上货船）；

32、货船安全证书（500总吨以下船舶，替代上述三本证书）；

33、经批准的货船安全设备记录Record of approved cargo ship safetyequipment（此记录中标明了船舶主要安全设备，如救生艇、救生筏、航行设备等的型号、序号号、生产厂家等信息，船级社在SE证书初次检验时做此记录，之后相关设备更改后，也应体现在此记录中）；

34、无线电设备岸基维修协议；

35、EPIRB年度测试报告（CIV/R15）；

36、无线电设备年度检测报告；

37、救生艇年度检测报告（CIII/R20）；

38、救生艇架负荷试验报告（CIII/R20，至少5年一次）；

39、救生筏年度检测报告；

40、便携式及固定式灭火器检测报告；

41、舷梯证书及维护保养记录（CII-1/R3-9, CIII/R20,CI/R8和MSC.1/Circ.1331）；

42、谷物运输批准证书或装载手册（CVI/R9）。

【MARPOL及相关】

1、国际防止油污染证书IOPP及Form A（非油船）或Form B（油船）；

2、油类记录本（150总吨以上油船，以400总吨以上非油船）；

3、油污应急计划SOPEP（同上）；

4、国际防止生活污水污染证书ISPP；

5、未经处理的生活污水排放率的批准文件（MEPC.157(55)，不适用于生活污水经过处理后排放的船舶）；

6、垃圾管理计划（100总吨以上和载运15名以上人员的船舶）；

7、垃圾记录本（400总吨以上和载运15名以上人员的船舶）；

8、国际防止空气污染证书IAPP及附表；

9、国际能效管理证书IEEC（400总吨以上船舶）；

10、消耗臭氧物质记录本；

11、换油程序和换油记录（Ann VI/R14.6）；

12、焚烧炉操作手册（Ann VI/R16.7）；

13、加油单据和油样品；

14、EEDI技术案卷（2013.7.1以后龙骨，或2013.1.1以后合同，或2015.7.1以后交船）；

15、能效管理计划SEEMP（400总吨以上船舶，该计划可为船舶安全管理体系SMS的一部分）；

16、NOx技术案卷（2000.1.1以后，130kw以上柴油机）；

17、柴油机EIAPP证书(同上)；

18、柴油机参数记录本；

22、油水分离器型式认可证书；

23、生活污水处理装置型式认可证书；

25、焚烧炉型式认可证书。

【体系(ISM/ISPS/MLC)】

1、安全管理证书SMC；

2、符合声明DOC；

3、国际保安证书ISSC；

4、船舶保安计划SSP和保安评估SSA；

5、国际劳工公约证书MLC2006；

6、船员休息时间记录(STCW A-VIII/1，MLC A2.3.10)；

7、财政担保证书(MLC A2.5.2 & A4.2)；

8、DMLC PART I和PART II（MLC A5.1.3.12）；

9、MLC证书的检查报告(MLC A5.1.4.12)。

【其他公约】

1、国际吨位证书ITC（1969）及吨位计算书；

2、国际载重线证书LL（或其免除证书）及干舷计算书；

3、国际防污底系统证书AFS（400总吨以上国际航行船舶）；

4、防污漆系统声明（船长24m以上、400总吨以下船舶）；

5、国际载重线证书的记录(Record of condition of assignment of Load Line internationalconvention)（此记录标明载重线公约要求的相关设施，如水密门、空气管、通风筒等尺寸、位置等信息）；

6、船员居住舱室证书其及检查记录(CA证书以及Survey report for the issue of a CA inspectioncertificate和Record of approved CA details，后个记录标明了船员居住舱室的位置、尺寸等信息，缔约国在船旗国检查时会检查，此要求不适用于MLC2006公约生效以后建造的船舶)；

7、起货设备证书及其检修记录簿（如有）；

8、固体散货安全证书IMSBC；

9、船级证书CLASS；

10、压载水管理计划BWMP（每一船舶）；

11、压载水记录本（每一船舶）；

12、国际压载水管理证书BWMC（400总吨以上船舶）。

【散货船附加】

1、150米以上散货船的建造档案（SOLAS CRII-1/3-10, 2016.7.1以后合同，或2017.7.1以后龙骨，或2020.7.1以后交船）；

2、船舶结构通道手册（2006.1.1以后建造，20000总吨以上散货船）；

3、货物资料（SOLAS CRVI/2 & CXII/R10）；

4、散装货物手册（SOLAS CVI/R7 & CXII/R8）；

5、散货船加强检验报告ESP。

【油船附加】

1、150米以上的油船的建造档案（SOLAS CRII-1/3-10, 2016.7.1以后合同，或2017.7.1以后龙骨，或2020.7.1以后交船）；

2、物质安全数据单MSDS（SOLAS CVI/R5-1，油船装货之前，向船舶提供）；

3、船舶结构通道手册（2006.1.1以后建造，500总吨以上油船）；

4、专用清洁压载舱操作手册（MARPOL Ann I/18.8）；

5、状况评估计划CAS（MARPOL Ann I/20 & 21）；

6、分舱和损坏稳性信息（MARPOL Ann I/28）；

7、最近一次压载航行的排油监控系统记录（150总以上船舶，MARPOL Ann I/31）；

8、排油监控系统ODMC操作手册；

9、原油洗舱操作与设备手册（COW手册）；

10、船对船STS操作计划和操作记录（MARPOL Ann I/41）；

11、挥发性有机化合物VOC管理计划；

12、稳性仪的认可文件（所有适用于IBC、IGC、BCH和GC规则船舶）；

13、油船加强检验报告ESP。

【载运包装危险货物船舶附加】

1、运输信息(SOLAS CVII/R4.1)；

2、危险货物舱单或积载图（SOLAS CVII/R4.2 & 7-2.2，MARPOL Ann. III/R4）。

2. 船舶smc证书每年都要审核吗

优点

是一家外资国际性大型的专门致力于提供综合性新造船监理服务的公司，隶属于世界第二大的贝仕船舶管理集团 (BSM) 。

SMC自90年代开始进入新船监造行业，至今已为60多家船东提供监造服务，成功交付300余艘船只，另有100余艘船只在建。

缺点

面试难

工作难度大

3. bcc是什么船舶证书

CLC证书：《油污损害民事责任保险或其他财务保证证书CLC证书） 从证书名字理解，相当于汽车的交强险一样，防止船出现油污染以后，有了证书，就代表找到赔偿兜底的人。

申请人：船舶所有人或其代理人

申请条件：

1.船舶为海事管理机构登记的本船籍港船舶；

2.其所持的油污保险或其他财务保证证书，为具有相应赔偿能力的金融机构或者互助性保险机构办理；

3.其保险金额不得低于《中华人民共和国船舶油污损害民事责任保险实施办法》的规定。

申请材料

1.《船舶防污文书申请书》

（①载运持久性油类物质的船舶，应当办理《油污损害民事责任保险或其他财务保证证书》；

②1000总吨以上的载运非持久性油类物质的船舶，应当办理《燃油污染损害民事责任保险或其他财务保证证书》和《非持久性油类污染损害民事责任保险或其他财务保证证书》

4. 船舶SMC证书

双环戊二烯(Dicyclopentadiene，DCPD)早期是从煤焦油中取得的，数量很少，因而未受重视。其后因可由石油裂解产物的C5组分中回收，来源丰富，价格大为降低，于是DCPD引起了广泛的重视。20世纪80年代初期，DCPD被引入树脂合成，经不断研究和开发，至今已发展成为不饱和聚酯树脂的一大系列产品，广泛应用于耐腐、耐高温、船用、表面涂层、SMC/BMC等领域。

5. 船舶mlc证书全称

一、长期有效

最低安全配员证书MSMC（部分船旗国签发带有有效期的此证书）、国际吨位证书ITC、国际能效管理证书IEE、柴油机防止空气污染证书EIAPP、防污底油漆证书AFS（此证书长期有效，但船体外部油漆超过25%施涂时，此证书需进行检验并签注）等。

不过要说明一下的是，一些船级社的分社没有签发长期证书的权限，所以临时ITC、IEE等证书，还是有五个月的期限，待总部签发长期证书后，就长期有效了。

二、有效期五年无需年检

国籍证书Registration（有船旗国签发一年，也有长期有效的）、电台执照RSL（有船旗国签发一年，和国籍证书一致）、国际防止生活污水污染证书ISPP、散装固体货物证书IMSBC（各船级社关于这本证书要求不同，有要求年检的，有不要求年检的）、船员居住舱室证书CA（有船旗国签发四年)等。

三、有效期五年无需年检，但需要中间审核

安全管理证书SMC、国际船舶保安证书ISSC、国际劳工证书MLC2006等

四、有效期五年，需要年检

船级证书CLASS、货船安全构造证书SC、货船安全设备证书SE、货船安全无线电证书SR、国际载重线证书LL、国际防止油污染证书IOPP、国际防止空气污染证书IAPP、国际压载水管理证书BWMC、符合证明DOC（发给公司的，但船上要有副本）等。

另外，关于年检周年日的确定，SOLAS公约第I章第2条定义中，明确说明了周年日，是指与相关证书期满之日对应的每年的该月该日。

即下次年检的时间，不依上次年检时间、不依证书签发时间来计算，而是以长期证书到期日为准。

如证书2020年8月8日到期，那么在2020年之前的四次年检（2016年、2017年、2018年和2019年），均应在这四年中每年的8月8日前后三个月内时行。

6. 船舶SMC是什么意思

船舶实施安全管理体系是在所有船员都接受了有关ISM规则的知识培训，而且公司的所有安全管理体系文件已经配备到船，在此基础上，船舶可以开始正式实施安全管理体系。其过程大致如下：

1.培训：对安全管理体系的熟悉和理解是实施安全管理的基础，所以第一步就是由船长负责组织实施安全管理体系文件的学习培训，组织全体船员学习公司的安全管理体系文件，熟悉各人的职责，熟悉各个操作程序。尽管由于船舶的条件所限（教材、师资、时间等），船员的学习和培训的效果并不一定十分理想，但这个过程必不可少。而且首先要使每个船员都明白自己在安全管理体系中的位置，清楚自己的职责以及自己应尽的责任。我们的船员一般都具有一定的文化理论水平，相信在熟悉和理解安全管理文件的内容方面不会有太多的难处，何况还有船长的辅导和公司的支持，通过不断地学习和总结，全体船员的水平会越来越高；

2.运行：在船长的领导下，船上各部门、各责任人均要严格按安全管理体系文件规定的分工行使其职责（从各种设备的操作、使用到检查、试验，从船舶及设备的维护、保养到修理、安装），各种安全活动均要按安全管理体系文件的具体要求认真进行记录；

3.监控：对在实施安全管理体系时所进行的各项具体活动，船长必须严格实施监督管理，并做好记录。各部门对运行中发现的不符合规定的情况，要及时报告船长，并由船长按安全管理体系文件的具体要求向指定人员报告。并同时采取有效的预防纠正措施，采取的纠正措施和纠正效果要进行记录。所有活动所产生的记录必须完整和规范，这也是分析和评估安全管理体系时所必须的材料；

4.内审：为了对船舶实施安全管理体系的状况进行评价，不断调整和完善安全管理体系的机制和各项实际操作，船舶必须适时进行内审。对在内审中发现的不符合规定的情况都要向指定人员报告，并制定切实有效的预防纠正措施并在规定的时间期限内及时纠正。

5.管理复查：为了不断完善按管理体系的机制和实际操作，要对船舶的安全管理体系进行复查，以对安全管理体系的符合性和适合性进行评价并向指定人员提交报告。从而为调整、完善公司的安全管理体系提供了第一线的资料。

6.申请外审和发证：当安全管理体系在船舶运行三个月以上，已进行过内审并且内审中发现的不符合规定的情况已经得到纠正后，就可以向主管机关或船级社提出初次审核申请，以取得船舶的安全管理证书（SMC证书）。初次审核通过后，而且在审核中审核组发现的不符合规定的情况已经得到纠正并由审核员确认后，由相应的主管部门发放船舶的SMC证书（中华人民共和国国旗船由CCS直接发，方便旗的船舶由方便旗国家授权的机关发），其有效期为五年并服从于中间审核。

7.接受外审：为了保证船舶所取得的SMC证书的持续有效，船舶还要接受发证机关的各种审核，如中间审核（审核时间为：初次审核后的第三个年度）、换证审核（证书到期时必须进行）等。除了这些，船舶的SMC证书的有效与否还要服从于公司的DOC证书，这也就是说，如果公司的DOC证书失效，船舶的SMC证书也随之失效

7. 船舶ccs证书是什么意思

集团公司下办修/造船企业可能需要前置文件(取得营业执照前)即船舶管理部门(CCS船级社或ZC船检局、海事局)的营业许可证(或取得执照后开工前)，其次要取得辖区环保部门的认可(或颁发许可证)。现在造船一般是不允许搞室外冲砂的。

第三要取得辖区技术监督局颁发的各种重要岗位证书(起重/电工等)，焊工由船检部门颁发。

8. 船舶证书CLC

2001年燃油公约适用范围 一般而言，公约适用于非油船溢出的用于或打算用于操作或推进船舶的燃料油、润滑油及其残余物。

和CLC1992一样，公约不但适用于在领海和专属经济区发生的溢油事故，还适用于在其它区域采取的预防措施。

9. 船舶证书的clc和bcc

随着计算机应用技术的飞速发展，计算机辅助设计已经成为现代工业设计的重要组成部分，AutoCAD软件具有操作简单、功能强大等特点，它已被广泛应用于机械设计，建筑设计，电子等图形设计领域，那么怎样才能学习好AutoCAD绘图呢？

学前准备

CAD软件选择

在正式学习之前，我们先要做一步准备工作，就是找到一款属于自己的CAD软件。

虽然现在市面上CAD有很多盗版可以使用，但是建议大家使用正版的CAD软件，一是设计者都应该有支持正版的意识，另一方面就是正版软件会减少很多后顾之忧，相对来说会更加安全。

建议可以选择CAD2004、CAD2007等，这些老一点的版本是经过多次修正过的，在技术、用户体验方面要比新的版本好用。

认识操作界面

关于【应用程序菜单】

用于访问“应用程序”菜单中的常用工具以启动或发布文件。

单击“应用程序”按钮，以执行以下操作：

1、创建、打开或保存文件；

2、核查、修复和清除文件；

3、打印或发布文件；

4、访问“选项”对话框；

5、关闭应用程序；

注：也可以通过双击“应用程序”按钮关闭应用程序。

关于【快速访问工具栏】

使用“快速访问”工具栏显示经常使用的工具。

【查看放弃和重做历史记录】与大多数程序一样，“快速访问”工具栏会显示用于放弃和重做对工作所做更改的选项。要放弃或重做不是最新的修改，请单击“放弃”或“重做”按钮右侧的下拉按钮。

【添加命令和控件】通过单击指示的下拉按钮并单击下拉菜单中的选项，可轻松将常用工具添加到“快速访问”工具栏。

注：要快速将功能区按钮添加到“快速访问”工具栏，请在功能区的任何按钮上单击鼠标右键，然后单击“添加到快速访问工具栏”。

关于【功能区】

功能区按逻辑分组来进行工具排序。功能区由多个功能选项卡组成，每点击一个选项卡，下方则会对应展示出一个功能面板，面板包括了对创建和修改图形需要的工具。

【功能区选项卡和面板】功能区由一系列选项卡组成，这些选项卡被组织到面板，其中包含很多工具栏中可用的工具和控件。

一些功能区面板提供了对与该面板相关的对话框的访问。要显示相关的对话框，请单击面板右下角处由箭头图标表示的对话框启动器。

注：您可以控制显示哪些功能区选项卡和面板。在功能区上单击鼠标右键，然后单击或清除快捷菜单上列出的选项卡或面板的名称。如下图：显示和隐藏【默认选项卡】

【浮动面板】您可以将面板从功能区选项卡中拉出，并放到绘图区域中或其他监视器上。浮动面板将一直处于打开状态（即使切换功能区选项卡），直到您将其放回到功能区。

【滑出式面板】如果您单击面板标题中间的箭头，面板将展开以显示其他工具和控件。默认情况下，当您单击其他面板时，滑出式面板将自动关闭。要使面板保持展开状态，请单击滑出式面板左下角的图钉图标。

关于【命令栏】

程序的核心部分是“命令”窗口，它通常固定在应用程序窗口的底部。“命令”窗口可显示提示、选项和消息。

您可以直接在“命令”窗口中输入命令，而不使用功能区、工具栏和菜单。许多长期用户更喜欢使用此方法。

注：开始键入命令时，它会自动完成。当提供了多个可能的命令时，您可以通过单击或使用箭头键并按Enter键或空格键来进行选择。

关于【状态栏】

名词解释：状态栏显示光标位置、绘图工具以及会影响绘图环境的工具。

状态栏提供对某些最常用的绘图工具的快速访问。您可以切换设置（例如，夹点、捕捉、极轴追踪和对象捕捉）。您也可以通过单击某些工具的下拉箭头，来访问它们的其他设置。

注：默认情况下，不会显示所有工具，您可以通过状态栏上最右侧的按钮，选择您要从“自定义”菜单显示的工具。状态栏上显示的工具可能会发生变化，具体取决于当前的工作空间以及当前显示的是“模型”选项卡还是布局选项卡。

您还可以使用键盘上的功能键(F1–F12)，切换其中某些设置。

关于【快捷菜单】

名词解释：显示快速获取当前动作有关命令的快捷菜单。在屏幕的不同区域内单击鼠标右键时，可以显示快捷菜单。快捷菜单上通常包含以下选项：

1、重复执行输入的上一个命令；

2、取消当前命令；

3、显示用户最近输入的命令的列表；

4、剪切、复制以及从剪贴板粘贴；

5、选择其他命令选项；

6、显示对话框，例如“选项”或“自定义”；

7、放弃输入的上一个命令；

显示快捷菜单的步骤

在图形中的对象或区域、菜单中的按钮或功能区中单击鼠标右键。

在绘图区域，单击鼠标右键

在某些定点设备上，可能需要按住相应的按钮。注：显示与光标位置相关的快捷菜单。

学习步骤

学习CAD制图，我们从浅入深可分3个阶段进行。

掌握基础操作

熟悉CAD的绘图命令、掌握CAD软件操作逻辑。这就像我们学认字、写字一样，先掌握基础的笔画、笔顺开始。

制图常用的基本命令1

CAD绘图命令：

CAD修改命令：

CAD尺寸标注命令：

视窗缩放：

对象特性：

常用CTRL快捷键：

常用功能键：

制图常用的基本命令2

1、绘图栏上数下第一命令是——直线，快捷键L，不分大小写。直线命令是我们最常用的命令，也是绘图的基础中的基础。若要绘制直线，请单击“直线”工具；

在绘图区域用鼠标左键单击一次，其目的是为了指定直线线段的第一个起点；松开鼠标，往任意方向拖动，线段会跟着拖动幅度变长变短；

这时，我们会看见直线的旁边有一个白色的输入框，里面的数值会随着我们的拖动幅度而变化，这里面的数值代表是直线的长度，我们可以在里面输入任意数值确定直线长度，然后按Enter或者空格键完成一条直线的绘制。

2、第二个命令是——构造线。快捷键XL，它是为下一步的复制，镜象等作为基准的直线，虚线不属于图的轮廓线，一般是作为图形某一点为中心的轴线。若要绘制构造线，方法如下：

在绘图工具中点击构造线工具。

依次在绘图板中点击一下鼠标可见构造线。

3、第三个命令是——多段线。快捷键PL，它由多条线段(可以是直线，也可以是弧线)组成一个整体的线段。如想选中该线段中的一部分，必须先将其分解。平常作图经常用到，就连做地形图时也需要它，所以是很重要的命令。

要绘制多段线，输入多段线命令敲击多段线命令PL，敲击空格键。

绘制多段线在CAD绘图区指定直线的起点，输入多段线的长度，敲击空格键即可。

4、第四个命令是——正多边形。快捷键POL，顾名思义是可以绘制多边形，点击命令，输入边的数量，然后选择内切圆或者外切圆，就可以绘制了。绘制步骤如下：

1/5要绘制正多边形，需要输入命令：“POL”-“空格”，也可以在顶部的选项卡中找相应的按钮点击，但是有点麻烦。

2/5命令行这个时候会提醒你：输入侧面数。这个侧面数的意思，就是多边形的边数，几个侧面，就是几边形。这里输入6。

3/5接下来就是按照提示：指定多边形的中心，这个应该好理解，可以通过鼠标点选，或者键盘输入坐标的方式来指定中心。

4/5命令行提示：内接于圆，或者外切于圆。因为AutoCAD表征多变形的特征是通过内接圆/外切圆的直径来的，所以这里要指明。我们选外切圆。

5/5这个时候，就需要指定外切圆的直径了，我们通过鼠标点选的方式来完成指定，就可以绘出正六边形了。

5、第五个命令是——矩形。快捷键REC，可以快速绘制出矩形宽，这个也是很常用的一个命令。

在功能区单击矩形按钮，然后再绘图区域任意处点击，确定矩形的一个角点，然后拖动鼠标，在任意处点击，确定第二个角点位置，这时矩形就绘制完成了。

6、第六个命令是——圆弧。快捷键ARC，绘制圆弧命令可以快速画出弧线，示意门之类的地方很常用。

首先打开软件，然后在命令行输入快捷键命令：ARC，按回车键确认，根据命令行提示在绘图区域指定圆弧的起点或 [圆心(C)]，接着继续指定圆弧的第二个点或[圆心(C)/端点(E)]，即可完成圆弧的绘制了。如下图所示：

背诵秘籍口诀

1、想到直线就用L+空格

2、想到圆就用C+空格

3、想到圆弧就用A+空格

4、想到矩形就用REC+空格

5、想到点就用PO+空格

6、想到单行文本就用DT

7、想到多行文本就用MT

8、想到填充就用H

9、想到线段延伸到某一线段就用EX+空格

10、想到矩形倒圆角就用F+空格

11、想到修剪绘图过程中多余的线就用TR+空格

12、想到修改文本就用ED+空格

13、想到移动就用M+空格;

14、想到旋转就用RO+空格

15、想到偏移就用O+空格

16、想到镜像就用MI+空格

17、想到复制就用CO+空格

18、想到局部观察平面图细节就用Z+空格

19、想到实时缩放放大镜就用Z+空格+空格

20、想到平移视图就用P+空格

21、想到平移视图平移视图就用P+空格

22、想到返回上一视图就用Z+空格+P+空格

23、想到全局显示自己绘的平面图就用Z+空格+A+空格

24、想到打印文件就用CTRL＋P

25、想到复制，就用CTRL＋C

26、想到粘贴就用CTRL＋V

27、想到剪切就用，CTRL＋X代表

28、想到新建文件就用CTRL＋N

29、想到寻求帮助时，就用F1

30、想到正交就用F8

31、想到打开和关闭对象捕捉工具就用F3

32、想到直线标注就用DLI+空格

33、想到调整文字样式就用ST+空格

34、想到重新生成就用R+E+空格

35、想要设置捕捉模式就用OS+空格

36、想到重复上一次的操作就用ENTER

37、想到刷新就用RE+空格

38、想到取消正在执行的可用ESC

39、想到设置捕捉模式就用OS

40、想到旋转就用RO

41、想到计算面积就用AA

42、想到平移就用P+空格

43、想到最常用的标注快就用DLI

44、想到直线就用LINE

45、想到圆就用C

46、想到偏移就用O

47、想到修改文本就用ed

基本操作逻辑

一、选择逻辑

如图，这里我绘制了一些直线、圆、矩形。单击其中的一个圆与一条直线，它们变成了被选中的状态。

但是如果元素特别多，那一个一个单击显然不现实，如下图请你一个个单击给我看。

这时候就要用到框选了。在CAD中，框选有两种形式，这里以下面的图为例来解释。

1是从左往右按住鼠标左键框选，此时选框呈蓝色，这种形式下只有框选的图形完全被框住才能被选中。

如图，我完全框住了前三条直线，但第四条没完全框住，此时被选中的只有前三条线。

2是从右往左按住鼠标左键框选，此时选框呈绿色，这种形式下只要接触到被框选的图形，它就会被选中。

同样的，我们从右往左框住前三条线，第四条线只框一半如图，此时即使第四条线没框全，但选框接触到它也能被选中了。

这里插一点，如果你框选以后想取消选择，只需按ESC即可。

如果你只想取消部分图形的选中状态，只需按住shift再将你想取消选择的图形进行框选（逻辑同样是上面两种形式），此时被框中的图形就会取消被选中的状态。

这样的两种框选模式看似简单，但学会实际运用它们是能大大提高你的画图效率的。

下面我举个简单的例子，如图，一个矩形中有许多交叉的直线。如果我只想选中直线的部分，而不想选中矩形怎么办？这里提供两种思路。

1、在矩形内部，从右往左进行框选使选框接触到所有直线，这样即使直线外部未被框柱，所有直线还是会被选中

2、先从左往右把所有元素选中，再按住shift从右往左框选，只接触到外部矩形的部分，将它取消选中状态。

二、键盘命令

取消、删除、撤销、重做。任何绘图软件都离不开以上四种操作，这里我将CAD这四种操作的快捷键告诉大家。

取消：ESC

删除：Delete

撤销：Ctrl+Z（撤销多步就多按几次）

重做：Ctrl+Y(重做一般与撤销搭配使用，如果你撤销多了一步，按重做会回到上一步)

三、鼠标中键

1、双击鼠标中键：显示全部图形对象。

2、按住鼠标中键拖动鼠标：移动图纸

此时十字光标会变成一只小手，你可以通过拖动鼠标来移动图纸。

3、滚动鼠标中键：缩放图纸。这个大家应该都懂，缩放图纸与上面的拖动图纸配合使用，方便你找到图形的位置。

4、命令栏

CAD这个软件，在我看来最重要的就是它的命令栏。

几乎你画在图上的一切东西都与它有关。首先它的位置在之前讲过，位于CAD界面的下方，共两栏。上面一栏表示已结束的命令，下面一栏表示现在的命令。

CAD的命令栏，就相当于一个你的助手，它会指引你做每一步操作。下面举个简单的例子。

如下图，首先我们选择CAD左侧绘图工具中的直线。（可直接键盘上输入L再按空格/回车）此时命令栏第二行提示指定第一个点。

我们在绘图区空白处单击一下，此时命令显示为指定下一点或放弃U。（由于这条线还没画完，此时第一栏并没有内容，即没有上一步命令）此时你再选绘图区另外一点，一条直线就画完了；如果你输入U，则放弃绘制这条直线。

而此时命令栏还是提示指定下一点或放弃。这里你有两种选择。1是单击空格/回车键，则线段绘制完毕。2是继续选择另一点，那么就会出现两条线。

此时命令栏的提示多了一项：闭合C。如果你键盘输入C，则两条线段头尾相接，不在一条直线上则形成三角形。

这里注意两点：

绘制完图形对象后，再单击空格或回车键，即可结束整个命令。如果你想重复上一次的命令，比如想继续画线段，只需再按下空格，会自动重复上一次指令。此时又要开始选择线段的第一个点……

以上牵扯到一个核心的操作逻辑。即CAD的命令栏在你选择完基础命令后一步步指引你进行操作，给你提供多种选择。

即使你对这个命令不熟悉，通过命令栏的提示你也能很快理解。例如刚才举的例子画线段，我们都知道两点确定一线段，因此CAD中绘制线段在命令栏中分两步，分别是确定两个点的位置。

5、状态栏

状态栏位于命令栏下方。

前半部分有一个坐标点的数据，它表示的是十字光标在绘图区的位置，而它的参照物是CAD绘图区的坐标原点，如下图。这里需要注意的是，Z轴的数字一般是0，因为我们主要是绘制平面上的图形。

状态栏重点在于后半部分的几个按钮，掌握它们，你的绘图效率会得到极大的提高。

1、首先说下捕捉模式和栅格显示

它们一般搭配使用，捕捉会自动捕捉最近的栅格点，栅格则是体现在绘图区会出现栅格网，这两个按钮我建议大家关掉，会对绘图的视线造成干扰，同时容易使光标闪烁。

2、接下来是正交模式

开启和关闭它的快捷键是键盘上的F8，经常会用到希望大家记住。

这个模式非常重要。如果你要画直线，希望直线横平竖直，即只在XY方向绘制，那么打开正交模式，所有画出来的线条都会在XY方向。与此相关的是其后的极轴模式。

就是通常的带角度的绘图模式，与正交模式相反。

3、对象捕捉，快捷键F3

这个模式可以极大极大极大极大提高绘图的效率，非常重要！这里先举个简单的例子。

当你绘制出了一个矩形，想选中的它的一个角点往上画别的东西，这个时候把对象捕捉模式打开，那么你会发现，当光标移动到矩形角点附近时，会在角点上出现一个绿色的小框。

此时如果你要再往上画个矩形，那么当你绘制时，你会发现矩形的角点自动吸附到了原矩形的角点上。

因此，对象捕捉模式就像一块磁铁，它能让光标自动吸附到一些特殊的点位上，不仅仅是端点角点。

这里鼠标右键单击对象捕捉，选择设置，里面提供了各种各样的特殊点和延长线等等。这里提醒下大家，千万别全部打开哦，不然会被各种磁铁吸来吸去，眼花缭乱反而降低效率。

4、对象捕捉追踪

设想你要画两条线段，希望它们不仅平行且头尾对齐，该怎么画？

如下图，当你开启对象捕捉追踪后，在绘制第二条线段的第二个点时，先将光标挪到第一条线段的端点上再慢慢往下挪动（不要单击，只是挪动），此时会出现一条绿色的虚线，它就像一把尺子一样能帮助你对齐。

这时将光标慢慢往下挪，单击即可绘制出端点对齐的两条线啦。

掌握绘图基本规范

这个包括标注样式、详图、剖图、引线规范等。这就像学会了写字，组词造句一样。

基本要求

1、所有设计室出的图纸都要配备图纸封皮、图纸说明、图纸目录。

A、图纸封皮须注明工程名称、图纸类别（施工图、竣工图、方案图）、制图日期。　

B、图纸说明须对工程进一步说明工程概况、工程名称、建设单位、施工单位、设计单位或建筑设计单位等。　

2、每张图纸须编制图名、图号、比例、时间。　

3、打印图纸按需要、比例出图。

常用制图方式

一、常用比例

1:1、1:2、1:3、1:4、1:5、1:6、1:10

1:15、1:20、1:25、1:30、1:40、1:50、1:60、1:80

1:100、1:150、1:200、1:250、1:300、1:400、1:500

二、线型

1、粗实线：0.3mm

1)平、剖面图中被剖切的主要建筑构造的轮廓（建筑平面图）。　

2)室内外立面图的轮廓。　　

3)建筑装饰构造详图的建筑物表面线。

2、中实线：0.15-0.18mm　

1)平、剖面图中被剖切的次要建筑构造的轮廓线。　

2)室内外平顶、立、剖面图中建筑构配件的轮廓线。　　

3)建筑装饰构造详图及构配件详图中一般轮廓线。

3、细实线：0.1mm

填充线、尺寸线、尺寸界限、索引符号、标高符号、分格线。

4、细虚线：0.1-0.13mm　　

1)室内平面、顶面图中未剖切到的主要轮廓线。　　

2)建筑构造及建筑装饰构配件不可见的轮廓线。　　

3)拟扩建的建筑轮廓线。　

4)外开门立面图开门表示方式。

5、细点划线：0.1-0.13mm

中心线、对称线、定位轴线。

6、细折断线：0.1-0.13mm

不需画全的断开界线。

三、打印出图笔号1-10号线宽设置，选择打印，弹出的对话框的右上角有个笔形的图标，点击，出现各种颜色。

10号特粗线：1)立面地坪线2)索引剖切符号3)图标上线

4)索引图标中表示索引图在本图的短线

四、剖切索引符号

1、m：ø12mm(在A0、A1、A2、图纸)

2、m：ø10mm(在A3、A4图纸)

3、特粗线到索引线为剖视方向

4、A：字高5mm(在A0、A1、A2、图纸)，字高4mm(在A3、A4图纸)

5、B-01：字高3mm(在A0、A1、A2、图纸)，字高2、5mm(在A3、A4图纸)

6、A为索引图号，B-01为索引图纸号，B-01为“”表示索引在本图

五、平、立面索引符号

1、m：ø12mm(在A0、A1、A2、图纸)

2、m：ø10mm(在A3、A4图纸)

3、A1-A4：字高4mm(在A0、A1、A2图纸)，字高3mm(在A3、A4图纸)

4、B-01--B-04：字高2、5mm(在A0、A1、A2图纸)，字高2mm(在A3、A4图纸)

六、大样图索引

大样引出框

1、m：ø12mm(在A0、A1、A2图纸)

2、m：ø12mm(在A3、A4图纸)

3、A：字高4mm(在A0、A1、A2图纸)，字高3mm(在A3、A4图纸)

4、B-01：字高2、5mm(在A0、A1、A2图纸)，字高2mm(在A3、A4图纸)

七、图标

1、图名：字高7mm(在A0、A1、A2图纸)，字高5mm(在A3、A4图纸)

2、比例及英文图名：字高4mm(在A0、A1、A2图纸)，字高3mm(在A3、A4图纸）

八、文字注释

1、引出线为箭头或点，引出线为统一体，由标注命令引线制作。

2、文字说明：字高4mm(在A0、A1、A2图纸)，字高3mm(在A3、A4图纸)。

九、标高符号

1、数字：字高2、5mm(在A0、A1、A2图纸)，字高2mm(在A3、A4图纸)。

2、符号为等腰直角三角形。

3、数字以m计单位，小数点后留三位。

4、零点标高写成±0、000，正数标高不注“”，负数标高应注“-”。

5、同样位置不同标高标注。

十、轴线符号

1、n：ø10mm，字高4mm(在A0、A1、A2图纸)

2、n：ø8mm，字高3.5mm(在A3、A4图纸)

十一、尺寸符号

1、尺寸标注是尺寸为统一体，如需调整尺寸数字，可采用edit（ed）命令。

2、尺寸界线距标注物体2-3mm，第一道尺寸线距标注物体10-12mm，相邻的尺寸线间距7-10mm。

3、半径、直径标注时箭头样式为实心闭合箭头。

4、标注字高2.5mm(在A0、A1、A2图纸)，字高2mm(在A3、A4图纸)。

5、标注文字距尺寸线1-1.5mm。

制图技巧

一、图层管理

1、一般制图分层

A、墙体层(WALL)；B、家具层(FURNITURE);C、填充层;D、窗层(WINDOW)；E、布置层;F、尺寸层(DIM)；G、文字层(TEXT);H、轴线层(DOTE)；轴线标注层(AXIS);J、分格层

制图时分清各层便于调整图纸，节省时间。

2、线条分色

制图时将墙体、家具、填充线、文字、分格线等线条颜色区分，便于在电脑显示时一目了然。

3、图框插入

按比例插入图框

首先制作1:1图框，将图框放大，与图比较看是否配合。如不配合缩放与之配合。如要作1:30的图框，第一次图框放大40后不合适，再次缩放输入3/4，即可得到1:30的图框B。

二、其他

1、CAD文件在从其他文件粘贴进来后，容易出现无用图层，可purge(pu)，清理无用图层。

2、文字的大小是根据图纸的比例变化的，如A3图纸，比例为1:50，注释文字打印出的尺寸应该是3mm，在文字制作时，文字尺寸大小输入150。

3、一套图中可能会有不同的比例，在按比例插完第一个图框后，遇到不同比例的图，应根据比例的大小缩放。如有一张图比例为1:50，是正确的，现在要给另一张图插图框，假设这张图要插1:40的图框那就复制1:50的图框，然后缩放输入4/5即得。文字的大小亦可采用这种办法。

4、同一个CAD界面下，如果打开多个CAD文件，可按着ctrl键点Tab键转换，浩辰CAD等可以直接在文件标签栏点文件名进行切换，最新的ACAD2014也加入了类似的功能。

5、在多重复制同一个物体时，可将这一物体作成图块，如果修改了任意一个图块参照，则其他同名图块也随之改变，如不建立图块，则每个都需要修改。

6、建立CAD文件时要有选择的将平面图、立面图、详图分为几个文件。

7、最好不要将图形都花在0层上，0层主要用来定义图块。定义图块时，先将所有图元均设置为0层（有特殊时除外），然后再定义块，这样，在插入块时，插入时是哪个层，块就是那个层了。

8、不能在DEFPOINTS层建立图元，此层默认是不打印的，在图层上的图形会打印不出来。

9、在CAD软件的使用过程中，虽然一直说是画图，但实际上大部分都是在编辑图。因为编辑图元可以大量减少绘制图元不准确的几率，并且可以在一定程度上提高效率。

10、在使用绘图命令时，一定要设置捕捉，F3切换。

11、在使用绘图和编辑命令时，大部分情况下，都要采用正交模式，F8切换。

12、图纸大小：A0—1194*840；A1—840*597；A2—597*420；A3—420*297；A4—297*210。

13、将CAD文件转化成位图文件：

第一种是在CAD的菜单中，选择“输出”，再选择bmp的后缀存储，可以把CAD的屏幕显示内容变成位图文件，但文件分辨率太小。

第二种是将CAD文件转化成为较大分辨率的位图文件。添加一个光栅图像如JPG、TGA、PNG等格式的虚拟打印机。

14、将EXCEL表格倒入CAD可以利用AutoXlsTable插件或是先将EXCEL表格复制，到CAD里的下拉编辑菜单的选择性粘贴即可得，到CAD后将表格炸开后即可CAD修改。

实战演练图纸设计

新手在学习CAD的时候，光掌握了CAD制图方法是不行的，还要勤于练习才行。找一些基础的练习图纸。

小白必备图纸

刚开始接触到CAD的小白，肯定不能上来就直接拿一些复杂结构图纸让他们练习，做任何事都要循序渐进。下面这几张图纸涵盖了CAD机械建筑练习图，以及房屋建筑类的练习图，是CAD小白必备的练习图纸。

基础练习图纸

基础的练习图纸，内容是由简单到复杂，由平面图形再到立体图形的绘制，可以逐步提升绘图能力，特别适合CAD初学者练习使用，下面放出部分的图纸供大家参考。

注意事项

1、学习CAD不要急于求成

CAD的学习过程讲究循序渐进，先了解绘图的基本知识，打好基础，再勤加练习，知识的吸收要由浅及深，由简到繁，这样学习起来不吃力，学习的兴趣也会大一点。

2、不要不遵循作图步骤

在进行CAD绘图的时候最好首先要设置好图幅大小，然后设置单位和精度，根据绘图对象建立好图层，设置好对象样式后才开始绘图。

3、绘图比例乱设置

在进行绘图的时候不要自己随心所欲的设置绘图比例，CAD绘图比例有很多，而每个比例都是科学设置的，最佳绘图比例是1:1，将绘图比例设置为1:1绝对不会错。

4、不要在0层上绘图

这一点是一定要注意的，因为0层是系统默认的图层，不能更名和删除，通常用作草稿图层或插入块，将图画在0层上容易导致图层混乱，不利于分层管理。5、不要把图框和图形画在同一副图中

绘图时如果需要运用到图框应当将图框以块的形式插入进图中，而不是直接画，直接画在后面打印图纸的时候容易出现错乱。

6、遇到问题不及时弄清楚

在绘图时因为操作的原因可能会出现很多问题，遇到问题一定要第一时间搞清楚，因为你记着记着可能就忘了。比如说画一张图，别人画的大小适中，而你画起来图形很小，有的甚至看不见，这可能是因为你没有设置绘图界限而导致的。

7、不设置线型比例

没有设置线型比例可能会导致你用虚线画线但画出来看起来就像是用实线画的，线型比例在设置的时候还要根据图形的尺寸来，如果图形尺寸特别小可以将图形比例设大一点，如果图形尺寸特别大可以将图形比例设小一点。

8、不标注工程信息

工程标注是工程的重要依据。在一幅工程图中工程标注是不可少的重要部分。在某些情况下，工程标注甚至比图形更重要。所以小伙伴们在绘图的时候一定不要忘了标注。

9、文字字体不规范

文字是CAD图纸不可缺少的一部分，如尺寸标注文字、图纸说明等，在标注的时候很多小伙伴都会用自己喜欢的字体，这样是错误的，规范的字体是“长仿宋体”。

%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"随着计算机应用技术的飞速发展，计算机辅助设计已经成为现代工业设计的重要组成部分，AutoCAD软件具有操作简单、功能强大等特点，它已被广泛应用于机械设计，建筑设计，电子等图形设计领域，那么怎样才能学习好AutoCAD绘图呢？","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KIgAdG2OEo42wyxkPBBcU7K4nPb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学前准备","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VKsSdimiMowKA6x67zpct5xHnNe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"CAD软件选择","id":""}],"text":"","id":"D26odu6mwo2gYSxymcecHxfAnhc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在正式学习之前，我们先要做一步准备工作，就是找到一款属于自己的CAD软件。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DqWydwE8cogAQcxCORjcfz5Gn5b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"虽然现在市面上CAD有很多盗版可以使用，但是建议大家使用正版的CAD软件，一是设计者都应该有支持正版的意识，另一方面就是正版软件会减少很多后顾之忧，相对来说会更加安全。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BmwEd0m0AoGSC2xyGLUcQpRgnwc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"建议可以选择CAD2004、CAD2007等，这些老一点的版本是经过多次修正过的，在技术、用户体验方面要比新的版本好用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UiOUdYIGyoEEQkxGcY8cy1ZEnFc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"认识操作界面","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F8I4dsMcwo0iuCxoIV9c7PIQnOT"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"关于【应用程序菜单】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IamidAsSaokou4xSKU6crmVInzc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"用于访问“应用程序”菜单中的常用工具以启动或发布文件。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TkC4dGa2uoimwuxqGChck7gnnlf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":42,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"关于【应用程序菜单】","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ada696d2c64245ff82c70a0f69382991","width":42},"text":"","id":"JKgwduSCkosKiYxGWAacb86inOd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"单击“应用程序”按钮，以执行以下操作：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JC4Md6YIIoyU8wx3aVLcJQHBns5"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、创建、打开或保存文件；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Y6CEdSAqoo4eeExyQ9TcQYfDnXb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、核查、修复和清除文件；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Uw48d8qY8oaWI6x4uHbcjb3knAb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、打印或发布文件；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ce0SdcKwyoK2aWx4gJwcfMUpnxc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、访问“选项”对话框；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VQwwdYIGUoYQMax46lucvxnpnsd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、关闭应用程序；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YYYMd6sGuoiCy4xeCXkc4b46n7g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"注：也可以通过双击“应用程序”按钮关闭应用程序。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PI0AdMG8koQqOIxE62QcAzbJnwd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"关于【快速访问工具栏】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AkuAduCceoumkUxMTt7c7Qstnqg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"使用“快速访问”工具栏显示经常使用的工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GmiwdQmgMogoQoxMtcycEobsnQb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":68,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"关于【快速访问工具栏】","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2de7609a3b7e4a0dbf40e48883edb7ae","width":269},"text":"","id":"SOoWde4GSoO6eSxys9Sc1kPNnhc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【查看放弃和重做历史记录】与大多数程序一样，“快速访问”工具栏会显示用于放弃和重做对工作所做更改的选项。要放弃或重做不是最新的修改，请单击“放弃”或“重做”按钮右侧的下拉按钮。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GIoydUKsUokMKAxu4hCcZN4nnMf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":66,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"关于【快速访问工具栏】","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7b1fef2898434ee9b95143e7aa5db00e","width":267},"text":"","id":"XwYud0YgwoG0AAxCUMhc1g8Jnkf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【添加命令和控件】通过单击指示的下拉按钮并单击下拉菜单中的选项，可轻松将常用工具添加到“快速访问”工具栏。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LcacdKug0om0aGxMhYGc74j1nSd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":66,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"关于【快速访问工具栏】","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/77ec98a6d98e4338a7f4a2bda0cef86d","width":269},"text":"","id":"Qmcwd66UMo2SiCxuIoLcb9U4njc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"注：要快速将功能区按钮添加到“快速访问”工具栏，请在功能区的任何按钮上单击鼠标右键，然后单击“添加到快速访问工具栏”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FaugdCwq0ogWIQxEzD2c2HednWf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":153,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"关于【快速访问工具栏】","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/432d259768a04f01936bfd8b22241608","width":243},"text":"","id":"MYQMd2aQeooUgUxqeEWcheCEnJg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"关于【功能区】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZqGgdomQAoWYAix6SvFccdBSnYf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"功能区按逻辑分组来进行工具排序。功能区由多个功能选项卡组成，每点击一个选项卡，下方则会对应展示出一个功能面板，面板包括了对创建和修改图形需要的工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XQymd240Wom8CAxam5AcRk9knjc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":123,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"关于【功能区】","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0256173d622b410db672492a9e27a1e8","width":1123},"text":"","id":"CgWud4aayoYaUWx4nY9c4tecnDh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【功能区选项卡和面板】功能区由一系列选项卡组成，这些选项卡被组织到面板，其中包含很多工具栏中可用的工具和控件。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OUkudQCEKo80Mgx2zqMcLgOZnUb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":293,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"关于【功能区】","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c05ee3e047db45c693581fc80a403f44","width":1024},"text":"","id":"BECeduuEuoe2KwxkLdacgm8lnCb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一些功能区面板提供了对与该面板相关的对话框的访问。要显示相关的对话框，请单击面板右下角处由箭头图标表示的对话框启动器。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CQIadi2cio80UixojTPcSlyhnyd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":191,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"关于【功能区】","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/60ab16c433f147d6946d4ba3ad86bb02","width":380},"text":"","id":"CQqqdIYG2okiqaxGy0Gckvh6nRP"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"注：您可以控制显示哪些功能区选项卡和面板。在功能区上单击鼠标右键，然后单击或清除快捷菜单上列出的选项卡或面板的名称。如下图：显示和隐藏【默认选项卡】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TegOdQK00oaQYGxczcfcQMB9nzg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":725,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"关于【功能区】","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8c4676fdec2e41c68875c73611c4fdf8","width":1181},"text":"","id":"I8SAdQ0CIoqagkxaO8EcJyBwnGg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【浮动面板】您可以将面板从功能区选项卡中拉出，并放到绘图区域中或其他监视器上。浮动面板将一直处于打开状态（即使切换功能区选项卡），直到您将其放回到功能区。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SkK0dqAgCoMIw6x6hDcczdZLn8d"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":119,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"关于【功能区】","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/274e834ef484469296a0c4db4999435c","width":354},"text":"","id":"BqoSdaSuAo6kiuxYFNHccLECnne"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【滑出式面板】如果您单击面板标题中间的箭头，面板将展开以显示其他工具和控件。默认情况下，当您单击其他面板时，滑出式面板将自动关闭。要使面板保持展开状态，请单击滑出式面板左下角的图钉图标。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BIsEdGcUwo8Ie8xwzHbcQfP4nvf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":531,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"关于【功能区】","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/bc74a44a938e4a0ebee2bd07058dfe5f","width":1024},"text":"","id":"SCAsdKwyYoQI4wxm4Pmc7nOpnMg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"关于【命令栏】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DYoydGGqAoM2CQx63cscF85Mnvb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"程序的核心部分是“命令”窗口，它通常固定在应用程序窗口的底部。“命令”窗口可显示提示、选项和消息。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RmWKd6IAmoKYSuxuYclcVm2Vn7f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":48,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"关于【命令栏】","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a1a61c87e3ba45cca3d4f31d11de6305","width":440},"text":"","id":"XsG2dQsYCoqykuxGw1rcpNk6neh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"您可以直接在“命令”窗口中输入命令，而不使用功能区、工具栏和菜单。许多长期用户更喜欢使用此方法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AgMed6CqIom4GuxsLKtczyN6ncg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"注：开始键入命令时，它会自动完成。当提供了多个可能的命令时，您可以通过单击或使用箭头键并按Enter键或空格键来进行选择。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GwMwdIUwAoomayxMTbYcd1W5nQg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"关于【状态栏】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EMGKdMMM4oukmKx2jhKcHju8n6d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"名词解释：状态栏显示光标位置、绘图工具以及会影响绘图环境的工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RwgGdqI08oUacwxMHYGcyOGGnfc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"状态栏提供对某些最常用的绘图工具的快速访问。您可以切换设置（例如，夹点、捕捉、极轴追踪和对象捕捉）。您也可以通过单击某些工具的下拉箭头，来访问它们的其他设置。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UWyYdYMswoO4c8xYLQoc0c0NnMf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1576,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"关于【状态栏】","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0289ad8b0a9346f0bffb91efafd6a3d8","width":2330},"text":"","id":"Gc00d4A4goYygoxOK0fc0Tqfnjb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"注：默认情况下，不会显示所有工具，您可以通过状态栏上最右侧的按钮，选择您要从“自定义”菜单显示的工具。状态栏上显示的工具可能会发生变化，具体取决于当前的工作空间以及当前显示的是“模型”选项卡还是布局选项卡。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Py4idgqqSoWYcKxGQBPcQmPlnvg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":64,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"关于【状态栏】","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ee8c5ee7e72a40cda78f0e4ba3e571ca","width":527},"text":"","id":"BWeedcOo4o8GyWxM1HocnYQGnzf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"您还可以使用键盘上的功能键(F1–F12)，切换其中某些设置。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RCa2dKgysoewmIx4ELocRXssnnc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1024,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"关于【状态栏】","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3487e9ca8fdd40acaeb08bd4a173ab8f","width":642},"text":"","id":"TwUEdo2mMomWmcxtFSPcyKZ9ndy"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"关于【快捷菜单】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Z6KsdIuwYoaQ4kxyAH7cd3vqnNg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"名词解释：显示快速获取当前动作有关命令的快捷菜单。在屏幕的不同区域内单击鼠标右键时，可以显示快捷菜单。快捷菜单上通常包含以下选项：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GqA8dQCwSomimaxaQ5mcnOOXnJf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、重复执行输入的上一个命令；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SWQudeYOUoYqgkxop4CcBkYCnSg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"t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[圆心(C)]，接着继续指定圆弧的第二个点或[圆心(C)/端点(E)]，即可完成圆弧的绘制了。如下图所示：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DqG2dgEAgoaYw0xrBgTcuv3cnt8"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":641,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"制图常用的基本命令2","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d28443b65638464e80947ed86561d100","width":1024},"text":"","id":"JSoWducuIoGuoSxm4twc0JD9nXc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"背诵秘籍口诀","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Dk8GdSKC0o6Woux0expcQbxKnwg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、想到直线就用L+空格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"T2asdCqQOoimuyxYPgJcFkdenah"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、想到圆就用C+空格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TsEodQ6AWoe04MxkzA2cYMjmnBd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、想到圆弧就用A+空格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZqIcdUAMaoiSUcx2uxRcX6l8nUt"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、想到矩形就用REC+空格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OiMwd4IAIomMeYxsjqzcYTyOnxc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、想到点就用PO+空格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CYEadUmgIoWucmxAV7bcsWr8nDg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、想到单行文本就用DT","id":""}],"text":"","id":"J6OwdMqWsoIcIexyiSHcdD2hnYe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、想到多行文本就用MT","id":""}],"text":"","id":"G4UMdsog0oU6S2xuuQjcF4lIn5b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8、想到填充就用H","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VuMidCigCoUUGCxUMducczA7nhb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"9、想到线段延伸到某一线段就用EX+空格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"X2IOdMYYyouGYMxWeavcJUwsnqh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"10、想到矩形倒圆角就用F+空格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IGgidgaycoOAsSxA108cPJjtnah"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"11、想到修剪绘图过程中多余的线就用TR+空格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GEaEdCKAwoScMixu41HcPAVWnOh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"12、想到修改文本就用ED+空格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BYqQdIKaGo6WSPxxJoqc0onHnE8"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"13、想到移动就用M+空格;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VKYgdkQqWoowwGxIrO8cBf6znhf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"14、想到旋转就用RO+空格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GSCMdu4eeow2AQxM1prcQXoinOg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"15、想到偏移就用O+空格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Uu80dKCEgoYggYxodqPc8CvgnIh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"16、想到镜像就用MI+空格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UIYcdGWiso0YAEx2d6jcWtlWn0f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"17、想到复制就用CO+空格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WKWed2E4yoogIixWQdFcBxHMnVh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"18、想到局部观察平面图细节就用Z+空格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"N0oSdEgCioQKAAxUJujc8afknQh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"19、想到实时缩放放大镜就用Z+空格+空格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZEg2dys4So2QECxIqtccBtB1nyF"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"20、想到平移视图就用P+空格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GaSedyquWoq8A4xasfWcXFE8nud"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"21、想到平移视图平移视图就用P+空格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ous8dwEGeomcosxkN9Kc6edEnyh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"22、想到返回上一视图就用Z+空格+P+空格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ViKudCo4aoWAUIxUfXxcSuidnze"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"23、想到全局显示自己绘的平面图就用Z+空格+A+空格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VScGdgueeowU6cxOYBCcfU1HnGc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"24、想到打印文件就用CTRL＋P","id":""}],"text":"","id":"I20QdAe4MoM482xRIbEcvAyung5"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"25、想到复制，就用CTRL＋C","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BWuEdc0cyoGOuaxQHmDcTMORnSd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"26、想到粘贴就用CTRL＋V","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LKIOdWM4QoqWySxicj6c4Ounnfc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"27、想到剪切就用，CTRL＋X代表","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XYK6duIMeoOKsWxQTgYcuIAwnEe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"28、想到新建文件就用CTRL＋N","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RGcqdOU0EoqEqux8bjNc8XUonpe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"29、想到寻求帮助时，就用F1","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BiEWdqg2youUemxSCNNcPPGynte"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"30、想到正交就用F8","id":""}],"text":"","id":"J6wEd4wUKoyQMixGOzoco5dIntb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"31、想到打开和关闭对象捕捉工具就用F3","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PYSsdeiI8o40e6xcTl5cJAAmnpc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"32、想到直线标注就用DLI+空格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"M0k8dqyWcoo0sAxZl0Kcg5HmnH2"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"33、想到调整文字样式就用ST+空格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EgCYdKOkiomagqxodUDcBQSunme"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"34、想到重新生成就用R+E+空格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MwmudIyGqoImWKxUNCmcyPNJnSh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"35、想要设置捕捉模式就用OS+空格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UkUadm6oAo4ie2xSgJ6cGwZ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trs":{"height":504,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/de0e63cfcf264058bc890fe5b1d873ad","width":1024},"text":"","id":"D42IdU2o0oc62qxemvdcIWnpnce"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":468,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/46ca082556724c8c8523422230dbe5f0","width":1024},"text":"","id":"LiEudYiqMoGEkux4bjsc6POdnrb"}],"text":"","id":"E460deiYkoMaGCxwrrtclePTnZb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这里插一点，如果你框选以后想取消选择，只需按ESC即可。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"E460deiYkoMaGCxwrrtclePTnZb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果你只想取消部分图形的选中状态，只需按住shift再将你想取消选择的图形进行框选（逻辑同样是上面两种形式），此时被框中的图形就会取消被选中的状态。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LCkMdWuugoAYCGxWEjZcBZtInwb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这样的两种框选模式看似简单，但学会实际运用它们是能大大提高你的画图效率的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OyeEdWSmco2GauxSNBgcRYANnzH"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"下面我举个简单的例子，如图，一个矩形中有许多交叉的直线。如果我只想选中直线的部分，而不想选中矩形怎么办？这里提供两种思路。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MQ6CdQukkoSu6yxKUijcX18Mnrh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":536,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/55837732dd82475689f197f0d96f9154","width":1024},"text":"","id":"T8oOdQmmGowaCmxaB34cSymrnpH"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、在矩形内部，从右往左进行框选使选框接触到所有直线，这样即使直线外部未被框柱，所有直线还是会被选中","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EgsAdK4mwoMAKQx2jtkcpf6JnOh"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":490,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7ec34ea64e85482da4bcdc2cd0aa5265","width":1024},"text":"","id":"NEQadaaoQog0QSxgzJBcvoeUnKb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":556,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/484cc15f700a48fe89448a953ad7c3a6","width":1024},"text":"","id":"KYgYd048Ko6a4OxlblGcwaG4nFN"}],"text":"","id":"RGgKdCs4moK6YaxwR0mcXotUnog"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、先从左往右把所有元素选中，再按住shift从右往左框选，只接触到外部矩形的部分，将它取消选中状态。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RGgKdCs4moK6YaxwR0mcXotUnog"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":588,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ab022f81dcc945e598d74e5316b6d993","width":1024},"text":"","id":"Rq8Cd24gUo2oAix67LucVXNFn1e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":547,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7d28583f1b83479e8f3f29e8f10715fc","width":1024},"text":"","id":"PmeIdyuOQoaeGoxmwOvcHS2bnIc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":547,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7d28583f1b83479e8f3f29e8f10715fc","width":1024},"text":"","id":"PmeIdyuOQoaeGoxmwOvcHS2bnIc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":556,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/34c9d1bc9a394e97b79fcf03e55972dd","width":1024},"text":"","id":"TOCkdg48io8cOEx2rLnc3w5HnTh"}],"text":"","id":"FEWCd4egsoS0C8xWQ3hcG96Yn6e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"二、键盘命令","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FEWCd4egsoS0C8xWQ3hcG96Yn6e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"取消、删除、撤销、重做。任何绘图软件都离不开以上四种操作，这里我将CAD这四种操作的快捷键告诉大家。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CekcdS8cWosm68xenN9c6vlZnWk"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"取消：ESC","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AKSqd4gSKoYQwwxyiiFca81fn6g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"删除：Delete","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AGmydmgqGoigKsxmq9jcFDxpnNb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"撤销：Ctrl+Z（撤销多步就多按几次）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VwOgdq8U6owAqQxJLcqc7tPSndd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"重做：Ctrl+Y(重做一般与撤销搭配使用，如果你撤销多了一步，按重做会回到上一步)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"C8sGd6w2soW6iExA9uSc4nLGnVd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三、鼠标中键","id":""}],"text":"","id":"D0qWd8GC4ogUgGxU15fct1REnEe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、双击鼠标中键：显示全部图形对象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"B4uYdymeaoAmKoxaIxUcyQEAn3e"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":457,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fca57e97ffef49f0bf63665bf77a0c16","width":1080},"text":"","id":"Sua0dckEko0W8Uxo34ZcjCn0nDe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":425,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ef8ad7f3c0c9413d86f2fd65b8bfa1b7","width":720},"text":"","id":"AAsIdc8SEoKMW6xQvaecAC8Nnvf"}],"text":"","id":"A4AsdYkeUo8GsCxKkAZcfNiintf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"A4AsdYkeUo8GsCxKkAZcfNiintf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、按住鼠标中键拖动鼠标：移动图纸","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ce4IdOSuWomSwCxYJPGcYfcRnTf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"此时十字光标会变成一只小手，你可以通过拖动鼠标来移动图纸。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XyCcd2wQYoucQOxaEV8c1D5XnOh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、滚动鼠标中键：缩放图纸。这个大家应该都懂，缩放图纸与上面的拖动图纸配合使用，方便你找到图形的位置。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JM0wdiSy4oYO6cxM70CcCOQ7nOe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、命令栏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"O8QOdKsSKoUO82xUzgXc9vqznvb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"CAD这个软件，在我看来最重要的就是它的命令栏。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IO2Sdauw6oQ0YmxwUPbctbnenP1"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"几乎你画在图上的一切东西都与它有关。首先它的位置在之前讲过，位于CAD界面的下方，共两栏。上面一栏表示已结束的命令，下面一栏表示现在的命令。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IMEQdaEimoIImaxUz3Lclj4Jned"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":34,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b5599979f7134709bd64cd0ecbcf4236","width":1080},"text":"","id":"MooGdUIqyo2QUGxoFBpc5sHDneN"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"CAD的命令栏，就相当于一个你的助手，它会指引你做每一步操作。下面举个简单的例子。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Dyq2dM6KkoeEk2xGIZmcFMipnCe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如下图，首先我们选择CAD左侧绘图工具中的直线。（可直接键盘上输入L再按空格/回车）此时命令栏第二行提示指定第一个点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IgocdOce4o8coUxKU8cc1g7HnWd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":198,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/54539c27a4d3464f990d7fec38c39246","width":34},"text":"","id":"GmGadmkkwoiKEQxaJHNc3uWgnEi"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们在绘图区空白处单击一下，此时命令显示为指定下一点或放弃U。（由于这条线还没画完，此时第一栏并没有内容，即没有上一步命令）此时你再选绘图区另外一点，一条直线就画完了；如果你输入U，则放弃绘制这条直线。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JSQKdQACCoeU0GxX40ycuRpKnvx"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":33,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e4b1c0f037384738aac9071febec4b6e","width":241},"text":"","id":"SOi6dqy8yokQq8xUhUbc90knnTf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"而此时命令栏还是提示指定下一点或放弃。这里你有两种选择。1是单击空格/回车键，则线段绘制完毕。2是继续选择另一点，那么就会出现两条线。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Qs44d6IY4oIe6gxCcgscWM2xnKg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":625,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5a8da029d832434e866cb5f1d4fff303","width":1024},"text":"","id":"M6mgdMGOMoC2eKx5PR4cIk9wnBL"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"此时命令栏的提示多了一项：闭合C。如果你键盘输入C，则两条线段头尾相接，不在一条直线上则形成三角形。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AIkSdWUoOok6SUxU3e4cS1wtnFf"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":30,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8ceae07a20f042cfaa3ab14d177652e8","width":348},"text":"","id":"LEGSdUOsUo8C80xOO79cwpoNnrc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":469,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/81e7edd7427d4bcc8a660a69ae20d4c5","width":720},"text":"","id":"PQ4AdcqmmoqSmQxqSMNcax2Kn1e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":469,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/81e7edd7427d4bcc8a660a69ae20d4c5","width":720},"text":"","id":"PQ4AdcqmmoqSmQxqSMNcax2Kn1e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":31,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a45bd78cf7014e39a362f8421cf2777d","width":416},"text":"","id":"SUUqdoG2coiGKYxMdo0cOoobnXe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":31,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a45bd78cf7014e39a362f8421cf2777d","width":416},"text":"","id":"SUUqdoG2coiGKYxMdo0cOoobnXe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":459,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6deef09719b243929584555f7946a5f0","width":1024},"text":"","id":"RsOudaYyOosuCuxAtv0ci7jLnve"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":459,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6deef09719b243929584555f7946a5f0","width":1024},"text":"","id":"RsOudaYyOosuCuxAtv0ci7jLnve"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":430,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fe87fed395514abdb941d3246f04b4ee","width":1024},"text":"","id":"Wo8OdwG84og0YixAh11ctTesnQe"}],"text":"","id":"AicSd0eK4oMwSOxeqFvc4lVWn2d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这里注意两点：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AicSd0eK4oMwSOxeqFvc4lVWn2d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"绘制完图形对象后，再单击空格或回车键，即可结束整个命令。如果你想重复上一次的命令，比如想继续画线段，只需再按下空格，会自动重复上一次指令。此时又要开始选择线段的第一个点……","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DUKudMOiqo6Ug6xayHfcHMVtnyb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"以上牵扯到一个核心的操作逻辑。即CAD的命令栏在你选择完基础命令后一步步指引你进行操作，给你提供多种选择。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"L8qcdC0MkokOi8xyIzfcvyaGnfd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"即使你对这个命令不熟悉，通过命令栏的提示你也能很快理解。例如刚才举的例子画线段，我们都知道两点确定一线段，因此CAD中绘制线段在命令栏中分两步，分别是确定两个点的位置。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HcSyd2IcMooE4UxG2j8c4WRXnjb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、状态栏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UmSmdsKWqo6KeixQ9mOc096xnoh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"状态栏位于命令栏下方。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Qe6Qd8QwqoMsMWxEti9cZsZjn8g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"前半部分有一个坐标点的数据，它表示的是十字光标在绘图区的位置，而它的参照物是CAD绘图区的坐标原点，如下图。这里需要注意的是，Z轴的数字一般是0，因为我们主要是绘制平面上的图形。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GIgKdu4kcowKSaxmyLccgQqxnPf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":20,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7d3985e450e540358e0427eba7581ad5","width":628},"text":"","id":"Sgm0dig2eo4yuYxiqyHcqkPgnYg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"状态栏重点在于后半部分的几个按钮，掌握它们，你的绘图效率会得到极大的提高。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TsAydq2a0oQCGSx4EJ0ctqfen4c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":625,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6ff68b9a3bea4f9dace01c4d8a42f4d8","width":1024},"text":"","id":"ZCG0d8OGcouWoyxoBZjcVoXdnGA"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、首先说下捕捉模式和栅格显示","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Zk0mdokiUoYGk4xO0z9cg2mFnvb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":23,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b24440318dc049968eb6991a0664a1de","width":49},"text":"","id":"YSeadmuOooYMKUxMPvdc8nOnn7f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"它们一般搭配使用，捕捉会自动捕捉最近的栅格点，栅格则是体现在绘图区会出现栅格网，这两个按钮我建议大家关掉，会对绘图的视线造成干扰，同时容易使光标闪烁。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Uq4idIkkWoYEYaxk1qicOtwFn9e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、接下来是正交模式","id":""}],"text":"","id":"V40cdWCeMoAK4IxG4ITc6Y4snYb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":27,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/605790387b9d4b4d99444e6cedf47a4a","width":26},"text":"","id":"MCE6d4cWmoUw46xqKYWctktMnuh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"开启和关闭它的快捷键是键盘上的F8，经常会用到希望大家记住。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ReYmdSywYo6ciWxsniwczX2Wnvc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这个模式非常重要。如果你要画直线，希望直线横平竖直，即只在XY方向绘制，那么打开正交模式，所有画出来的线条都会在XY方向。与此相关的是其后的极轴模式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IAcSdcAK2oOgUOxT6nrc5XTVnwp"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":26,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1954273a2fb4431aa4730bec80dcec8b","width":26},"text":"","id":"UUM4dY8weoQ8UwxWij9ch9hQnqb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"就是通常的带角度的绘图模式，与正交模式相反。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SkKIduqm2og6maxwfN7c3O8dnKh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、对象捕捉，快捷键F3","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FgiId0ekCokOq4x4gozcQpRjnKb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":29,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/443f2a6e37c8426c86f9e0f55abb70d3","width":32},"text":"","id":"SYsUdeMkuoCgQuxyIZTcN1VMnOd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这个模式可以极大极大极大极大提高绘图的效率，非常重要！这里先举个简单的例子。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HKGUdSa4UosGuoxy6Pkc517gn4I"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当你绘制出了一个矩形，想选中的它的一个角点往上画别的东西，这个时候把对象捕捉模式打开，那么你会发现，当光标移动到矩形角点附近时，会在角点上出现一个绿色的小框。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ek2cdSqYYoiSeOxeKnXcFAcmnod"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"此时如果你要再往上画个矩形，那么当你绘制时，你会发现矩形的角点自动吸附到了原矩形的角点上。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WAC8dmCggo0m2ixwDQOck1bUnlp"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":696,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8cded5b88575476f954861ceee0f5f7c","width":1024},"text":"","id":"JaqWdyAcWoC0GgxsvZwc0Z1en1b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":783,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/26105262aeda4740b45e76e2e88cbd6f","width":1024},"text":"","id":"AWO2dEgUmosu4MxwF9Bcm0PJnA3"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":783,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/26105262aeda4740b45e76e2e88cbd6f","width":1024},"text":"","id":"AWO2dEgUmosu4MxwF9Bcm0PJnA3"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":708,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/25bca42290c44bb7949213cdade18aaf","width":1024},"text":"","id":"Gka4dwuI8oyiosxfqtHcsr6AnJF"}],"text":"","id":"DwsudKka6oAmE2xCeT8cdFZ3nEd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"因此，对象捕捉模式就像一块磁铁，它能让光标自动吸附到一些特殊的点位上，不仅仅是端点角点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DwsudKka6oAmE2xCeT8cdFZ3nEd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这里鼠标右键单击对象捕捉，选择设置，里面提供了各种各样的特殊点和延长线等等。这里提醒下大家，千万别全部打开哦，不然会被各种磁铁吸来吸去，眼花缭乱反而降低效率。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JQeadOKGComEqYx4qegcyOtwnMe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":539,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7e3beff9e5724db1982138d7d788e370","width":668},"text":"","id":"AseOdYGOAo4yUixQLiWc4OfGnCf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、对象捕捉追踪","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DqYOdg8QSoMiAuxoHzocpFVvnIh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"设想你要画两条线段，希望它们不仅平行且头尾对齐，该怎么画？","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Q2SYdWasKoAmWgxOaWBcHguqn3g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如下图，当你开启对象捕捉追踪后，在绘制第二条线段的第二个点时，先将光标挪到第一条线段的端点上再慢慢往下挪动（不要单击，只是挪动），此时会出现一条绿色的虚线，它就像一把尺子一样能帮助你对齐。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"McY6dUK0IoigQ4xigaWc2kM3nYb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这时将光标慢慢往下挪，单击即可绘制出端点对齐的两条线啦。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Iqoed8kKyoWmi2xm60CctQGpnfe"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":695,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ba934dc811b14b299cdf365e7cc4e1fa","width":1024},"text":"","id":"HMq4dOYOqoqsKkxYVV7ctUpYnXc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":679,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/55616e7e00db4f6ca20e1253404426b2","width":1024},"text":"","id":"NCs0dgAsGoGmYWxsltkcgwnnn1d"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":679,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/55616e7e00db4f6ca20e1253404426b2","width":1024},"text":"","id":"NCs0dgAsGoGmYWxsltkcgwnnn1d"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":471,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f1327453f80c41d88656307eb4ea6a7a","width":659},"text":"","id":"RgyMdEIo0oOssMxOcx6cWUMxn4d"}],"text":"","id":"IoqOdUKeUosg8yxEFQlcUcsznCf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"掌握绘图基本规范","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IoqOdUKeUosg8yxEFQlcUcsznCf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这个包括标注样式、详图、剖图、引线规范等。这就像学会了写字，组词造句一样。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UYMgd2sASok0e8xOuEfc5Scyntg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"基本要求","id":""}],"text":"","id":"POk2dmmYWoyUyAxk6o0ciYkVnhb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、所有设计室出的图纸都要配备图纸封皮、图纸说明、图纸目录。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XWkqdu0EMoa8WwxKwfYcliPOn7b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"A、图纸封皮须注明工程名称、图纸类别（施工图、竣工图、方案图）、制图日期。　","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CYoWdUaswo4Qgsxqd29c5Nydn3E"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"B、图纸说明须对工程进一步说明工程概况、工程名称、建设单位、施工单位、设计单位或建筑设计单位等。　","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FAMYd0mOsocqYAxspGpcJ8DHnQb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、每张图纸须编制图名、图号、比例、时间。　","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Qa22dKw00oEUu8xC0Nqch3oMnUf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、打印图纸按需要、比例出图。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MgIedu6SYo8ewKxarpPcqykonfb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用制图方式","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NKAidCymKougG6x8dUec7kYRnge"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一、常用比例","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OAoQdYKusoIKqMxeWfJcTq8AnQd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":400,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"常用制图方式","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/06b84d68c8f046d7be959ac6bfb5425b","width":560},"text":"","id":"XMo6dq4UEos4CMxKIq2cghG8nDf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1:1、1:2、1:3、1:4、1:5、1:6、1:10","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OKksd2i4ioECyIxILgKcAMNNnSe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1:15、1:20、1:25、1:30、1:40、1:50、1:60、1:80","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GMoWd4gSGoqOC4xsds7cUyCVn7b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1:100、1:150、1:200、1:250、1:300、1:400、1:500","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZcQCdgg84ociCKx0kvicwssMnzb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"二、线型","id":""}],"text":"","id":"V8GQdkmEqoyUg8xOKKsc86EinHh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":236,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"常用制图方式","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/27ba4a03d9d54403913cf966dc9de1cc","width":414},"text":"","id":"VQimdagIwomESGx6bIicttE7ndb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、粗实线：0.3mm","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UcYUdE00EoMy0GxvClNcKvEXnIN"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1)平、剖面图中被剖切的主要建筑构造的轮廓（建筑平面图）。　","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RkQmdGWGsoASc0xU3CdcsxRJnVc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2)室内外立面图的轮廓。　　","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TisAdkeKAoC4EUxcZtKcrRLDnLc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3)建筑装饰构造详图的建筑物","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"表面线","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XWsUduwgmoi6uIxQ7hocZ1wUnbe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、中实线：0.15-0.18mm　","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TIMmdYMqMoQSUoxcvi9cDsQ1nPh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1)平、剖面图中被剖切的次要建筑构造的轮廓线。　","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FySadI064oKumUxI3JVcNUD8n4b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2)室内外平顶、立、剖面图中建筑构配件的轮廓线。　　","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Kg4UdKQUKoQECSxq88tcyld4nUg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3)建筑装饰构造详图及构配件详图中一般轮廓线。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AeocdK22WouAaixc7YucFvrRnm2"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、细实线：0.1mm","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ueegd6iogoAGasxau0Gc0K1rnvc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"填充线、尺寸线、尺寸界限、索引符号、标高符号、分格线。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DS6sd2uaSoQOMsxmMQrc7RCXnyh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、细虚线：0.1-0.13mm　　","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AOmWdMEAUoegQ0xeKHLcSK0snUd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1)室内平面、顶面图中未剖切到的主要轮廓线。　　","id":""}],"text":"","id":"A6eod4emKoYeUixqibocfn1Rngb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2)建筑构造及建筑装饰构配件不可见的轮廓线。　　","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IywWd4UekoA0WcxmscMcgmOinKf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3)拟扩建的建筑轮廓线。　","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VMe4dI2E2oc6U4xiMSscOyDOnIc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4)外开门立面图开门表示方式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DwSGdKKGuoqGqCxW6hBc9CEInhc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、细点划线：0.1-0.13mm","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CIqSdWk4Oo0MeWxsbsyceqqinXd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中心线、对称线、定位轴线。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ua6adeq8YocG02xofHWcj1Zxnnf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、细折断线：0.1-0.13mm","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VcEAdwkq2o6ak8xWqAdc8owUnGf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"不需画全的断开界线。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DSMgdEYW8oCA4Ox4Qtnc1EZ0n8c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三、打印出图笔号1-10号线宽设置，选择打印，弹出的对话框的右上角有个笔形的图标，点击，出现各种颜色。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Cg4CdSIi6okuyuxuhDpcU3JPnec"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"10号特粗线","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"1)立面地坪线2)索引剖切符号3)图标上线","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CoSIdSKqkoQqEaxCciNcwndUnVv"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4)索引图标中表示索引图在本图的短线","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XMmWdouuQoWmsex6gM1c0PRQnVf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"四、","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"剖切索引符号","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LwSwdikmOoYCC4xpX80cYFFfnF2"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、m：ø12mm(在A0、A1、A2、图纸)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UOgGdSiq8o6ykwx8HtgcbwG2n4d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、m：ø10mm(在A3、A4图纸)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Uskidy02Eoageux0tnFcGaMlnfb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"特粗线","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"到索引线为剖视方向","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DWUedeSOIoY4GsxyesIcEETfnPe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、A：字高5mm(在A0、A1、A2、图纸)，字高4mm(在A3、A4图纸)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"H4EsdUMqooSok2xaSulcMiejnCg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、B-01：字高3mm(在A0、A1、A2、图纸)，字高2、5mm(在A3、A4图纸)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DeaSdwK8soKcgMxecQBc05ALnBh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、A为索引图号，B-01为索引图纸号，B-01为“”表示索引在本图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SYC0dk8e4oWiO2x2FXacbj3inum"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"五、平、立面索引符号","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MAo2dMQuEo4YqexmASNcJAoynpg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、m：ø12mm(在A0、A1、A2、图纸)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JCaoduaMmo4cGYxcXOscTM3nncg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、m：ø10mm(在A3、A4图纸)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KyIiduy4yoewasxKwEMcRaPjnkh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、A1-A4：字高4mm(在A0、A1、A2图纸)，字高3mm(在A3、A4图纸)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KaeGdaSs0oEmeixMRpxcrAqfnpY"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、B-01--B-04：字高2、5mm(在A0、A1、A2图纸)，字高2mm(在A3、A4图纸)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JGaCd4amEogI4sxsX4XcCDzbndd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"六、大样图索引","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MGeQd4YyeoKqMoxAZ7jcHE8LnKd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"大样引出框","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QOOOdA0SMoMogGxAXY8cdspxnvg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、m：ø12mm(在A0、A1、A2图纸)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QSSadCmEeok8agxIlXcciRrXnje"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、m：ø12mm(在A3、A4图纸)"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raXcFCsqnfb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"制图时将墙体、家具、填充线、文字、分格线等线条颜色区分，便于在电脑显示时一目了然。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Io26ducEcosg6Uxor5dco138nYb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、图框插入","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FmmCdKWAIoske4xon9Xc2X3AnDe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"按比例插入图框","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EMOGd4KQYoGkAgxUP4RcGeoWnYx"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"首先制作1:1图框，将图框放大，与图比较看是否配合。如不配合缩放与之配合。如要作1:30的图框，第一次图框放大40后不合适，再次缩放输入3/4，即可得到1:30的图框B。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EsmYd0400ogYOYxCsI2ctWpunBh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"二、其他","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BKm8dYAywoig8Kxo0RycO2aEnqb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、CAD文件在从其他文件粘贴进来后，容易出现","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"无用图层","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"，可purge(pu)，清理无用图层。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"C4mKdm2OQoCYMqxcfwTcAmBsnbd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、文字的大小是根据图纸的比例变化的，如A3图纸，比例为1:50，注释文字打印出的尺寸应该是3mm，在文字制作时，文字尺寸大小输入150。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Pwumd6gWYoiK8Ixg1Jdcm53RnNe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、一套图中可能会有不同的比例，在按比例插完第一个图框后，遇到不同比例的图，应根据比例的大小缩放。如有一张图比例为1:50，是正确的，现在要给另一张图插图框，假设这张图要插1:40的图框那就复制1:50的图框，然后缩放输入4/5即得。文字的大小亦可采用这种办法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PCqudEScSoe0AyxSU5pchx6Anwb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、同一个CAD界面下，如果打开多个CAD文件，可按着ctrl键点Tab键转换，浩辰CAD等可以直接在文件标签栏点文件名进行切换，最新的ACAD2014也加入了类似的功能。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LWaqdG6cWoKycEx4oBTcXyT8nUd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、在多重复制同一个物体时，可将这一物体作成图块，如果修改了任意一个图块参照，则其他同名图块也随之改变，如不建立图块，则每个都需要修改。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TOw0dOaAwoQwAWx68Pzc0S27nhg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、建立CAD文件时要有选择的将平面图、立面图、详图分为几个文件。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YUu4dcaWwosYESxU5docWcESn9b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、最好不要将图形都花在0层上，0层主要用来定义图块。定义图块时，先将所有","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"图元","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"均设置为0层（有特殊时除外），然后再定义块，这样，在插入块时，插入时是哪个层，块就是那个层了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Q6Mwdui2Ko4ei4xUxNGcoRR7nAb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8、不能在DEFPOINTS层建立图元，此层默认是不打印的，在图层上的图形会打印不出来。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AYy4dQIMUoG4SuxobhHcNMPKnwg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"9、在CAD软件的使用过程中，虽然一直说是画图，但实际上大部分都是在编辑图。因为编辑图元可以大量减少绘制图元不准确的几率，并且可以在一定程度上提高效率。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HkskdMYK8oieWEx3yqDcncY0nHr"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"10、在使用绘图命令时，一定要设置捕捉，F3切换。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HWMkdW82koa8cuxycF5caiG2nkf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"11、在使用绘图和编辑命令时，大部分情况下，都要采用正交模式，F8切换。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VwgOdykCsoqag8xSImPcrG68nKf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"12、图纸大小：A0—1194*840；A1—840*597；A2—597*420；A3—420*297；A4—297*210。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ugw6dy4yeo2weExQ5KtcoFYln5b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"13、将CAD文件转化成位图文件：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NUqCdmsIco6w0ixCaiBcSfrAn1J"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第一种是在CAD的菜单中，选择“输出”，再选择","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"bmp","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"的后缀存储，可以把CAD的屏幕显示内容变成","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"位图文件","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"，但文件分辨率太小。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QWSsdkWKKoGKY4xK0hpcgJfQnbe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第二种是将CAD文件转化成为较大分辨率的位图文件。添加一个光栅图像如","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"JPG、TGA、PNG","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"等格式的","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"虚拟打印机","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HQW2dA0MUoAuGWxGgPec6P8XnQd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"14、将EXCEL表格倒入CAD可以利用AutoXlsTable插件或是先将EXCEL表格复制，到CAD里的下拉编辑菜单的选择性粘贴即可得，到CAD后将表格炸开后即可CAD修改。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NkgEdAogGosiEIxqymmc6LoUnzh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"实战演练图纸设计","id":""}],"text":"","id":"I6wWdG8osoucomxSQ0UcJd9GnEe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"新手在学习CAD的时候，光掌握了CAD制图方法是不行的，还要勤于练习才行。找一些基础的练习图纸。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OgEGdaAuYou6GoxUhivc1ccknhb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"小白必备图纸","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QsaadsYguoyYmKxy0grcZfwqnHe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"刚开始接触到CAD的小白，肯定不能上来就直接拿一些复杂结构图纸让他们练习，做任何事都要循序渐进。下面这几张图纸涵盖了CAD机械建筑练习图，以及房屋建筑类的练习图，是CAD小白必备的练习图纸。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HokGdcO40oA2UqxAZVjc8v6rn0d"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":330,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"小白必备图纸","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/677d8470709c43b8b999e97b7d585594","width":500},"text":"","id":"SYMEdic66occCaxKS7ycyDTingV"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XyYsdcyUmoSKyIxSitDcv3NVnpe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":330,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"小白必备图纸","id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text":"","id":"IqYidgCI2oGuC6xcH0QcotBKnNg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SCkqdqycgoISY0xuwQ2coHppnkg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":330,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基础练习图纸","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/53f0a50183274ddd9b417631b6ca4d83","width":500},"text":"","id":"AaKgdUyuWoGAwMxeajpcc1rwn4f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IA0Id8QoooYYmoxyEXsc5KbInyf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":330,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基础练习图纸","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c55d395d5e4e4aa695675253f0c89335","width":500},"text":"","id":"XKQ0dwI8coAOYMxoHsicI4f7nib"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意事项","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YQsMdEQgIoMuUGx2156c30KwnAg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、学习CAD不要急于求成","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AscUd0oeMoq84ix8BeJcScKXnRf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"CAD的学习过程讲究循序渐进，先了解绘图的基本知识，打好基础，再勤加练习，知识的吸收要由浅及深，由简到繁，这样学习起来不吃力，学习的兴趣也会大一点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HKy8di6OmoqyGexcNZYcBBvunKd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、不要不遵循作图步骤","id":""}],"text":"","id":"L8GGdYeIuoAIeexczCacKkdenid"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在进行CAD绘图的时候最好首先要设置好图幅大小，然后设置单位和精度，根据绘图对象建立好图层，设置好对象样式后才开始绘图。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HQsMdwu2YoMW6GxErtPcvOAInlf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、绘图比例乱设置","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZYQGdGkc0oEGOExo1l4cAOS2nPf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在进行绘图的时候不要自己随心所欲的设置绘图比例，CAD绘图比例有很多，而每个比例都是科学设置的，最佳绘图比例是1:1，将绘图比例设置为1:1绝对不会错。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Zq4cdw6y8oaKkWxoPROcNG3WnQc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、不要在0层上绘图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DECqdOsMco8YOgxQ1zWcwlVRnab"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这一点是一定要注意的，因为0层是系统默认的图层，不能更名和删除，通常用作草稿图层或插入块，将图画在0层上容易导致图层混乱，不利于分层管理。5、不要把图框和图形画在同一副图中","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NuWydwCYMoYi66xOZRQccHINnqs"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"绘图时如果需要运用到图框应当将图框以块的形式插入进图中，而不是直接画，直接画在后面打印图纸的时候容易出现错乱。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PW2EdyeC6oMu8oxUndXcf6g7nKc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、遇到问题不及时弄清楚","id":""}],"text":"","id":"E00KdioaKomkqAxIB5ccfn85nsh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在绘图时因为操作的原因可能会出现很多问题，遇到问题一定要第一时间搞清楚，因为你记着记着可能就忘了。比如说画一张图，别人画的大小适中，而你画起来图形很小，有的甚至看不见，这可能是因为你没有设置绘图界限而导致的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TkaIdMG2qoiYCMxCwcDcOrMenPg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、不设置线型比例","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ym6ydWusio62KWxTUwSc0XUEnoV"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"没有设置线型比例可能会导致你用虚线画线但画出来看起来就像是用实线画的，线型比例在设置的时候还要根据图形的尺寸来，如果图形尺寸特别小可以将图形比例设大一点，如果图形尺寸特别大可以将图形比例设小一点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Z04cdKCico8OmQxU0escjKYtnDr"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8、不标注工程信息","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HSegdCAmqoWkaUxysLicn5Gbneb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"工程标注是工程的重要依据。在一幅工程图中工程标注是不可少的重要部分。在某些情况下，工程标注甚至比图形更重要。所以小伙伴们在绘图的时候一定不要忘了标注。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Cw40dk6miousE6xU8Gbc37Wvn9C"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"9、文字字体不规范","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LGyGdKWewoKYUyxknpNcIyNYnfF"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"文字是CAD图纸不可缺少的一部分，如尺寸标注文字、图纸说明等，在标注的时候很多小伙伴都会用自己喜欢的字体，这样是错误的，规范的字体是“长仿宋体”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VQGMdaW4qoWMA4xq8ODcFDW4nPe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QKOIdouKYosKu6xga8zc1RcRnN2"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EUAWdYGokoswAyxsJL4crd4Nnhf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Sa4EdWCA8o0oaqxoTVscr1Uwnwh"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E

10. ccs船舶证书

1.CCS产品检验证书有三种：船用产品证书，船用产品检验证书，船用产品试验证书。你所说的应该是有两种证书之一，CCS作为第三方见证检验。三种证书的效力依次递减。

2.CCS钢质海船入级规范第一分册第三章有详细的持证清单，对于CCS级的船舶，这个清单中的产品必须持有船用产品检验证书。一般来说国外船级社的持证要求跟CCS差不多。

3.如果是外国船级社的船舶，首先要问清楚，对方接不接受CCS的证书，如果接受的话你就直接向当地CCS检验部分递交申请。