产品简介1. 船舶证书的clc和bccPS一般指Adobe Photoshop,是由Adobe Systems开发和发行的图像处理软件。修图也即修改图片,将图片进行一定的处理,修调,从而达到需要的效果。 了解界面 菜单栏 顶部区域是菜单栏,将Photoshop所有的操作分为九类,除了【帮助】选项,共九项菜单。如编辑、图像、图层、滤镜。 工具属性栏 蓝色部分称为工具属性栏,左侧工具栏中的每个工具选项都对应不同的工具属性(如下图),所以选择不同的工具或选择不同的对象时出现的选项也不同。 工具栏 红色区域中的竖长条称为工具栏,也称为工具箱。对图像的修饰以及绘图等工具,都从这里调用。几乎每种工具都有相应的键盘快捷键。 浮动面板 PS的的右上方是浮动面板区域。浮动面板是Photoshop中非常重要的辅助工具,它为图形图像处理提供了各种各样的辅助功能。每个浮动面板都可以用鼠标进行拖拽随意放置符合你工作惯性的地方。 标题栏 标题栏显示的是对工作区命名。 状态栏 包含四个部分,分别为:图像显示比例、文件大小、浮动菜单按钮及工具提示栏。 图层工具栏 包含:图层关联、图层样式、蒙版、滤镜、图层组、图层、删除图层,这7大功能。 工作区 Photoshop可以同时打开多幅图像进行制作,图像之间还可以互相传送数据。在打开的图像间可通过菜单【窗口】底行的图像名称切换,也可以快捷键【CTRL+TAB】完成图像切换。 工作区灰色的区域称为工作区,用来显示制作中的图像。Photoshop可以同时打开多幅图像进行制作,图像之间还可以互相传送数据。在打开的图像间可通过菜单【窗口】底行的图像名称切换,也可以快捷键【CTRL+TAB】完成图像切换。 小窍门 具体每一个工具的名称,只要把鼠标移动到该工具上,旁边就会出现工具名称。 修图方法 使用多个图层 在工作中尽可能地使用多个图层,图层的作用,就是为了方便后期更改,否则Photoshop后期的修图和合成很难一次成型,为了让作品更完美,创作过程中会反复修改,因而最好在每一个关键的部分都新建一个图层。 图层透明度的修改,一般都是在图层上方有个透明度,拉下图层上放的透明度滑块就可以修改了,还有更快的方法,就是选择图层,按下键盘数值可以直接修改透明度,按下数值1就是修改10%的透明度,按下数值2就是修改20%的透明度,按下数值3就是修改30%的透明度,以此类推,可以快速改变图层透明度。 多使用蒙版 能想到删除和擦除这两个动作的地方,都可以用蒙版来代替。 删除和擦除是一种有破坏性的编辑,它们对于图层内容的伤害是不可逆的,而蒙版只是暂时隐藏选中的图像部分。好处在于,可以随时地对该部分图像进行继续隐藏或恢复等操作,并且无论操作多少遍,都对原图没有任何的破坏,蒙版是一种无损的编辑方式。 蒙版的使用方式 首先第一步打开素材,点击快速蒙版按钮。 使用画笔工具,大致选中照片中人像。 再次点击快速蒙版,退出快速蒙版模式,按住Ctrl+shift+I键进行反选。 在顶部菜单栏中执行“选择”-“选择并遮住”(老版本PS叫做调整边缘)。 接下来我们把透明度设为100,边缘检测半径设为60,移动边缘设置为15,选中净化颜色数值设置为57。 接下来选中调整边缘画笔工具,涂抹带有背景图层的位置,设置数值和效果。 多利用智能对象和智能滤镜 在对图像进行放大、缩小、扭曲、旋转和变形等操作时,都会有或多或少损失一部分画质,而将普通图层转化为智能对象后,再进行上述操作时,将保留图像一切的原始特性,不会对图像的原始画质造成任何的破坏,因而,智能对象也是一种无损的编辑方式。 右击图层,跳出来的窗口之后,选择“转换为智能对象”。 一些滤镜没有预览功能,只能设置一次参数看一次效果,如果不满意就得从头开始,使用智能滤镜后就可以很方便地修改滤镜的参数,不透明度和混合模式等。 多利用调整图层 当需要对图层的色阶、亮度,曲线和颜色等做出调整时,如果直接在原图上修改,那么后期将很难再进行调整,调整图层是一个独立图层调整,图层是一个独立图层,在这个图层上可以反复进行多次的无损调整,最终效果不满意,还可以直接删除这个调整图层,然后重新添加一个调整图层,就可以继续对原图层进行调整,这个过程对原图层是没有任何影响的。 多使用快捷键 使用快捷键,是最能提升工作效率的操作,这就好比设置的特殊电话号码,按“1”直接就是打给父母,按“2”就是直接打给妻子。 快捷键位置: 点击打开之后,界面如下: 抠图技巧 1、钢笔工具抠图 钢笔工具适用于外形复杂、不连续、色差不大的图,加工精度高、纯手工放大边界点来抠图,先将需要抠图的素材拖到ps中。 利用快捷键“Ctrl+J”复制一层图层。 选择“钢笔工具”。 接着在需要抠图的地方描点。 将需要抠出来的部分都圈住后点击鼠标右键,选择“建立选区”。 调整羽化半径,根据描点距离图片的距离选择,勾选“消除锯齿”后点击“确定”。 然后建立好选区,可以利用快捷键“Ctrl+C”复制选区的图层。 在一个空白图层利用快捷键“Ctrl+V”粘贴即可完成抠图。 2、魔术棒抠图 魔术棒抠图适用于图像和背景色色差明显,背景单一,图像边界清晰的素材,首先将图片素材利用ps打开 接着点击“魔棒工具” 然后调整容差值为“32”,勾选“连续”和“消除锯齿” 然后利用魔棒工具点击图片的背景区,选择一个区域后点击键盘上的删除键 把背景全部删除后即可完成抠图 3、色彩范围抠图 色彩范围抠图适用于背意景色单一,图像分明、背景无色彩的素材。首先利用Ps打开图片素材 接着点击“选择”选项卡 然后在弹出的选项中选择“色彩范围” 然后用颜色吸管拾取背景色 接着勾选“反相”并点击“确定” 然后会建立一个选区 最后利用快捷键“Ctrl+J”复制一层图层即可完成抠图 4、磁性索套工具抠图 磁性套索抠图适用于图像边界清晰,磁性索套会自动识别并黏附在图像边界上,如果边界模糊处放大了再放置这样就更精确,首先利用ps打开图片素材 然后选择“磁性套索工具” 接着将鼠标移到图像边界处,然后磁性套索工具自动识别并黏附在图像边界上 等磁性套索工具闭合后就将整个图像都选中了 然后利用快捷键“Ctrl+J”复制一层图层即可完成抠图 5、羽化法抠图 羽化法抠图适用于边界清楚的素材,首先利用ps打开图片素材 然后选择“套索工具” 接着利用套索工具将图像选中 然后点击鼠标右键,选择“羽化” 根据套索与图像的距离调整羽化半径,距离较近就调小点,如调整羽化半径为“5”后点击“确定” 然后就将图像抠出来了,但是周围有不需要的部分,可以利用橡皮擦工具擦去 点击选择“橡皮擦工具” 将周围多余的部分擦去即可完成抠图 6、蒙板抠图 蒙板抠图快速并直观适用范围广,首先利用ps打开图片素材 然后利用快捷键“Ctrl+J”复制一层图层 然后选择“图层1”并点击“添加图层蒙版” 接着将前景色调为黑色,背景色调为白色 调好后选择“画笔工具” 调整画笔工具的颜色为黑色,并选择图层蒙版 接着利用画笔工具将背景擦去即可完成抠图,如果不小心将图像擦掉了,可以交换前景色和背景色在擦除即可还原 7、通道抠图 通道抠图适用于色差不大,外形复杂的图形,像毛发及树枝等。首先利用ps打开图片素材 然后利用快捷键“Ctrl+j”复制一层图层 接着点击“通道” 选择并复制一个图像清楚的通道,如“蓝色” 然后点击“图像”选项卡 选择“调整”下的“色阶” 然后调整色阶以增强图像对比度,调整好后点击“确定” 接着选择“快速选择工具” 将图像选中,边界处可以放大在选择 选择好后点击“编辑”选项卡 在弹出来的选项中选择“填充” 将图像填充为背景色即为黑色,点击“确定” 然后选择“图像”选项卡 选择调整下的“反相”将背景设置为白色 接着利用快捷键“Ctrl+J”复制一层图层 接着将图层1和背景的“小眼睛”关闭即可查看抠出来的图像 8、反向抠图 找到图片,点击打开。 点击使用魔棒工具。 点击外部空白区域。 点击右键,点击“选择反向”。 再点击右键,选择通过拷贝(剪切)的图层。 删除背景图层。 如图,抠图完成。 去水印技巧 1、使用仿制图章工具去除 使用仿制图章工具去除文字这是比较常用的方法,具体的操作是,选取仿制图章工具,按住Alt键,在无文字区域点击相似的色彩名图案采样,然后在文字区域拖动鼠标复制以覆盖文字。 要注意的是,采样点即为复制的起始点。选择不同的笔刷直径会影响绘制的范围,而不同的笔刷硬度会影响绘制区域的边缘融合效果。 2、使用修补工具去除文字 如果图片的背景色彩或图案比较一致,使用修补工具就比较方便。 具体操作是:选取修补工具,在公共栏中选择修补项为“源”,关闭“透明”选项。然后用修补工具框选文字,拖动到无文字区域中色彩或图案相似的位置,松开鼠标就完成复制。 修补工具具有自动匹配颜色的功能,复制的效果与周围的色彩较为融合,这是仿制图章工具所不具备的。 3、使用修复画笔工具去除文字 操作的方法与仿制图章工具相似。按住Alt键,在无文字区域点击相似的色彩或图案采样,然后在文字区域拖动鼠标复制以覆盖文字,只是修复画笔工具与修补工具一样,也具有自动匹配颜色的功能,可根据需要进行选用。 4、应用消失点滤镜法 对于一些透视效果较强的画面(如地板),可以应用“消失点”滤镜进行处理。 操作方法是,框选要处理的文字区域,(防止选区以外的部分也被覆盖)执行菜单命令:滤镜——消失点,进入消失点滤镜编辑界面。 1)选取左边工具栏中的创建面板工具,由地板砖缝交汇处开始,沿着缝隙,依次点四个点,连成一个有透视效果的矩形。然后拖动其边线向右方及下方扩展,令面板完全覆盖文字。 2)选取左边工具栏中的图章工具,按住Alt键点击选取源图像点,待颜色变化后,在文字区域拖动便完成复制。 人像磨皮 首先通过快捷键Ctrl+O键打开一张人物图片,然后通过Ctrl+J键将图片复制一层,在滤镜菜单下找到“Neural Filters...”单击打开。 先开启“皮肤平滑度”按钮,再调整“模糊、平滑度”数值,最后点击确定,以智能对象方式输出。 ps2021新增的平滑度滤镜可以一键识别人物脸部,并进行磨皮,还可以通过智能滤镜进行修改,效果与美颜相机类似。 图片上色技巧 首先我们用ps打开图片。 然后新建一个图层。 将图层混合模式设置为颜色。 接着选择画笔前景色。 然后在图层上使用画笔上色即可。 %3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"PS一般指Adobe Photoshop","id":""},{"type":"text","text":",是由","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"Adobe","id":""},{"type":"text","text":" Systems开发和发行的","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"图像处理软件","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。修图也即修改图片,将图片进行一定的处理,修调,从而达到需要的效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYAMW0C6mMOQwQhP0dNL28g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"了解界面","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOG0EkeiIAMyaaQpPmd3yS9"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":826,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"了解界面","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cbb730a375594958bc31935a635022b4","width":1596},"text":"","id":"doxcnUKg0GGgAsoiOAdDp0sfnsg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"菜单栏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8YcU8m8IWoQScj6Ky9k5We"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"顶部区域是菜单栏,将Photoshop所有的操作分为九类,除了【帮助】选项,共九项菜单。如编辑、图像、图层、滤镜。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn86KQmYaKwg280GZe0wJKBe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"工具属性栏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSyGWIQk8cAGWQH8T3c5w0g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"蓝色部分称为工具属性栏,左侧工具栏中的每个工具选项都对应不同的工具属性(如下图),所以选择不同的工具或选择不同的对象时出现的选项也不同。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQmewCaWYgWsCC8fXskrnXf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"工具栏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnygaE8sK6SeEwWcDB4HzNSe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"红色区域中的竖长条称为工具栏,也称为工具箱。对图像的修饰以及绘图等工具,都从这里调用。几乎每种工具都有相应的键盘快捷键。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyOycekuwMOEg0AlRpZq3Db"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"浮动面板","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWemImGoIEa08kNVt4MCJSd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"PS的的右上方是浮动面板区域。浮动面板是Photoshop中非常重要的辅助工具,它为图形图像处理提供了各种各样的辅助功能。每个浮动面板都可以用鼠标进行拖拽随意放置符合你工作惯性的地方。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCaGmO2C8ieaIC9sLdArsfb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"标题栏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKoKeoMSkgoU8shBS9SRb0b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"标题栏显示的是对工作区命名。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGsKaAK6eAEgAWizJsn9jIb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"状态栏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcno6QqC8YsGCeGERK1QSddhb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"包含四个部分,分别为:图像显示比例、文件大小、浮动菜单按钮及工具提示栏。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAeEgCGwwEMQKEz7raWlC9g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"图层工具栏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnicwgMqUgKU2YaAjZcIqKPc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"包含:图层关联、图层样式、蒙版、滤镜、图层组、图层、删除图层,这7大功能。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwEUkys2KW6QESYm96yJESf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"工作区","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsYekI4YIWemuWU1kJgM3He"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Photoshop可以同时打开多幅图像进行制作,图像之间还可以互相传送数据。在打开的图像间可通过菜单【窗口】底行的图像名称切换,也可以快捷键【CTRL+TAB】完成图像切换。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneKoKMgaaqS6qglwQt3yo2e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"工作区灰色的区域称为工作区,用来显示制作中的图像。Photoshop可以同时打开多幅图像进行制作,图像之间还可以互相传送数据。在打开的图像间可通过菜单【窗口】底行的图像名称切换,也可以快捷键【CTRL+TAB】完成图像切换。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnww2s66uysCQeI1UqdNLhIf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"小窍门","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnymiqCKK6qGgsYrInYD9s4g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"具体每一个工具的名称,只要把鼠标移动到该工具上,旁边就会出现工具名称。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8K4CsceWySeWQTQQJwfYre"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"修图方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSqI6MIge4WCckd5FxWi8Ze"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"使用多个图层","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnC6O8AS6c22sUXJbbq2mVog"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在工作中尽可能地使用多个图层,图层的作用,就是为了方便后期更改,否则Photoshop后期的修图和合成很难一次成型,为了让作品更完美,创作过程中会反复修改,因而最好在每一个关键的部分都新建一个图层。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaqE2CwScgQyewWbb1aAgZu"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":762,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"使用多个图层","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2c5517ab09234513b2b2f05799a40db5","width":1368},"text":"","id":"doxcnU0EKmauyOGeCofXXHSxy9e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"图层透明度的修改,一般都是在图层上方有个透明度,拉下图层上放的透明度滑块就可以修改了,还有更快的方法,就是选择图层,按下键盘数值可以直接修改透明度,按下数值1就是修改10%的透明度,按下数值2就是修改20%的透明度,按下数值3就是修改30%的透明度,以此类推,可以快速改变图层透明度。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOOK2AkICcCA4UfNQ5n0GJg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"多使用蒙版","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnC8WEIciu02I6mAeTSA7X6g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"能想到删除和擦除这两个动作的地方,都可以用蒙版来代替。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGYUuWYG4EGmgegwW5Mx7Zc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"删除和擦除是一种有破坏性的编辑,它们对于图层内容的伤害是不可逆的,而蒙版只是暂时隐藏选中的图像部分。好处在于,可以随时地对该部分图像进行继续隐藏或恢复等操作,并且无论操作多少遍,都对原图没有任何的破坏,蒙版是一种无损的编辑方式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsmqAyYIqUmi2a86CRuTfSh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"l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"id":"doxcnAYgQwsMKS6KmS3ck9InNZr"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"接着将前景色调为黑色,背景色调为白色","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyOQk8yGQOGqIsZBvsdZBpd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":309,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"6、蒙板抠图","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3f6d0f5efd0a4d40994f84ea03b3d5fb","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnOUAG2Q0Ce2YcO6TnOFCULe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"调好后选择“画笔工具”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6weqWk4U2ywwm2cPxZGjSg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":309,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"6、蒙板抠图","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fc5885bf161d46bd861dcd088e575bd7","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnQWcSgmguYWQeABlqZs2Vrd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"调整画笔工具的颜色为黑色,并选择图层蒙版","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6O2GSI0QW8IugFwgcgxhgh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":309,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"6、蒙板抠图","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/415b43f0653048399dab34ddf471e92c","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnEW4gC8auO6km2QBnZL6kir"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"接着利用画笔工具将背景擦去即可完成抠图,如果不小心将图像擦掉了,可以交换前景色和背景色在擦除即可还原","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneoWYmKoic0kcYv4x95ENde"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":309,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"6、蒙板抠图","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8ad4f92fa0954955bb532b6b0b99dd70","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcn2isooEiumwyE6n0CAEZCtd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、通道抠图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAsaIamecEioCi8ofF8Pdlf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"通道抠图适用于色差不大,外形复杂的图形,像毛发及树枝等。首先利用ps打开图片素材","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUi0AiySea24MCerVjklnxf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":309,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"7、通道抠图","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fa13b8871c774b21a88f1966e695f586","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnG0QkkusMcG00u85nIFsJZe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"然后利用快捷键“Ctrl+j”复制一层图层","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGmY8YmiGGS6I0dFPPOJKeb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":309,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"7、通道抠图","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/194bab26e21243dc9437bfb33bd7568b","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcn4224u4OeM84s0ChazCCWoe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"接着点击“通道”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnysmUW2UukEY4uMwYf6y7Ue"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":309,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"7、通道抠图","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c297665af2144b9dab4bcc910c816bff","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnMQeWywmWUUIWK6ookCQnTe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择并复制一个图像清楚的通道,如“蓝色”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGAii62uUQkAOAjUCDbvR9f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":309,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"7、通道抠图","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/23ae2d18ed2a42a9adf3bae6c17f7da4","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnqsG2gGeCQswWoPBzmah0uf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"然后点击“图像”选项卡","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnM2SUQcEKCWWSWAlM8bLMHb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":306,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"7、通道抠图","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/302f8c37878146ed953f82099a94d120","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnEguEeagO0ca22zYoo0Spfb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择“调整”下的“色阶”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaCyiAQsiYqUKWQE2FAwJFc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":299,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"7、通道抠图","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/766d325aea00439f860809da1288e7b2","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcn6KcQieI2co4iEvR6NwZ8ng"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"然后调整色阶以增强图像对比度,调整好后点击“确定”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6iwWiSQmaQgeqM4s1D2NNb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":309,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"7、通道抠图","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5aa2d2093f9d4a0c92bff4cd021e4e95","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnuAGAgUiQqsGEOe02JeAfPe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"接着选择“快速选择工具”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUIc0SeeWYCy4z6Ea4yhIHQ"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":299,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"7、通道抠图","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/04fc9b864bcc4a66bf53e5d3454de11b","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnCW06q8gqYEYYKipjhwK1Fd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"将图像选中,边界处可以放大在选择","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOWOS6MqUmWGIAdVKWGHHhd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":308,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"7、通道抠图","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fa61bce7e18f4c6a9a6921ee6ee2530e","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnQ2eYW4qqeis0KxNNSu8znb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择好后点击“编辑”选项卡","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMcQSMu46WysiiErgqbFjxf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":309,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"7、通道抠图","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5942008dbec8465d9ad99fd2019c0c4f","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcn6CimIym4IOYKyozyrZEW8d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在弹出来的选项中选择“填充”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmQu0i8IYiQU6Smj9HzMoKe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":274,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"7、通道抠图","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/239f954ba418483eb5e8872cce72611a","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnMWigc2y8ycWCOGufGyz3Lf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"将图像填充为背景色即为黑色,点击“确定”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMqGYu0mImuIEIzq8OjGkeb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":309,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"7、通道抠图","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7e87e0d56c8f42fba700dde9a4ca8dbe","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcn04oIWQC24OIC8jDowQmZ1g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"然后选择“图像”选项卡","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUcUMIOa8e6mYEjzRgktgHe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":309,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"7、通道抠图","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5691633bb9dd45ecbaf8c07e0701079f","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnW840O8UiYKWEuwWxuUyXJb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择调整下的“反相”将背景设置为白色","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngmAQggs6kYkIiC67hxdKzf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":305,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"7、通道抠图","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/69327dbd9c744f2c9488846097338a05","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnwOeWKoeaIo06uD9Uomob8A"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"接着利用快捷键“Ctrl+J”复制一层图层","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCkkskgi8yI2cwHZmuRRALe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":309,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"7、通道抠图","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9bc06712978847159fa8f3e03489aff4","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnmOsu8gCsoeUYuOtlWCs6nc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"接着将图层1和背景的“小眼睛”关闭即可查看抠出来的图像","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIaaIEU4eimKcYwnFgfW1Pz"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":294,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"7、通道抠图","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5a80fc1bdc204618896ca38f67f49941","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnOEyo2AK844oUcvMWGsWsgh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"8、反向抠图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSIgW6QkCgEuWXak0UNJePX"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"找到图片,点击打开。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcna62IsAUg4CIEMd2p7GgLjh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":498,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"8、反向抠图","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a75a2014501144b8a2de02a4ab5bbfeb","width":529},"text":"","id":"doxcnmUa4cCmOSSKy0KhVor5yUc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"点击使用魔棒工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnimCwQcU4meMmyemchp46Df"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":421,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"8、反向抠图","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e37c1d7562be465aa7fd67d5e4b853ac","width":617},"text":"","id":"doxcnsUi4e2iUkWcUCClc19hneg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"点击外部空白区域。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnC606iauewWu6qe4hvA8ASe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":563,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"8、反向抠图","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/81bc47e4392445d499443a76866253a2","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnKMwiGCOug8yKuskjEjRrcg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"点击右键,点击“选择反向”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEG8qQAeMm82I2NqLPv2jgc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":408,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"8、反向抠图","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/596a226aed334eba854b6e8e1a4d2eb8","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnUwMy4Q8sQKSiSQxAA827Cc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"再点击右键,选择通过拷贝(剪切)的图层。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqyIS4SMwwKEEMpixUraiTh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":464,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"8、反向抠图","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4b1462c3ee3d423db1c8fdcb37a0c2bb","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnUG8CeQOiyasSijiYrEtb41"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"删除背景图层。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkyeWEksi2ugSAljRYHR7hg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":250,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"8、反向抠图","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c78068717f2a49c49aed9c5587149bc3","width":515},"text":"","id":"doxcn8Ek6caQyEe0wSgLzKo6nKc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如图,抠图完成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUMkGK4i8Aem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Filters...","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"”单击打开。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneWwwGyCmoQqAeYgfsygQGf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":783,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"人像磨皮","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d2511fe647024db28616225624acf15c","width":1115},"text":"","id":"doxcnIKS8A8sIYyqcaKA65mXP8d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"先开启“皮肤平滑度”按钮,再调整“模糊、平滑度”数值,最后点击确定,以智能对象方式输出。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnq6kwiu6AC4WkC8TBIKASah"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":753,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"人像磨皮","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/43c245f6293b4b7e892530d9d3fe0cae","width":1092},"text":"","id":"doxcnqM6KOigAUISSOuOso7VVmg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"ps2021新增的平滑度滤镜可以一键识别人物脸部,并进行磨皮,还可以通过智能滤镜进行修改,效果与美颜相机类似。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYAk8s2iES6uSaArclZ65Ng"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":753,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"人像磨皮","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ac439eb02ef04e20ab2d891a299c5ee7","width":1092},"text":"","id":"doxcnoKoAkGS0qQeQ4Ah54hrkId"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"图片上色技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniAKCuGii8qK8vHXZleNPm7"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"首先我们用ps打开图片。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaUouuiCqQAc0UxyRVH7Wef"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":550,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"图片上色技巧","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d39d1a2db2754c3c9efbada903759711","width":1200},"text":"","id":"doxcnQa0IuigSQUkKs2PHjmfIYH"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"然后新建一个","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"图","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"层。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUgkaKsc2gqiko9PNa1Cclg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":502,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"图片上色技巧","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ab59b1f0b99c46f7af7a26588aa9e24f","width":1100},"text":"","id":"doxcn0kwGouWeY2ww8X3qZekIBd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"将图层混合模式设置为颜色。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0MsM0Q8A4MSCK6iCIwwDsh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":433,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"图片上色技巧","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/bd72fb60fac0484d91f5aeaab0bac46f","width":670},"text":"","id":"doxcnuw0yGc4iyIKaEdMQKrjTPd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"接着选择画笔前景色。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoiE6ISsQyUOSEEtfNbN4Yf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":548,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"图片上色技巧","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/48684d4be4634a83b1b1a3c16efa7e2f","width":1200},"text":"","id":"doxcn684O2qgIW8cSusMinAkiQc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"然后在图层上使用画笔上色即可。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMSicoEMmoyAeycrBK4i8ed"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E2. 船舶smc证书是什么一、长期有效 最低安全配员证书MSMC(部分船旗国签发带有有效期的此证书)、国际吨位证书ITC、国际能效管理证书IEE、柴油机防止空气污染证书EIAPP、防污底油漆证书AFS(此证书长期有效,但船体外部油漆超过25%施涂时,此证书需进行检验并签注)等。 不过要说明一下的是,一些船级社的分社没有签发长期证书的权限,所以临时ITC、IEE等证书,还是有五个月的期限,待总部签发长期证书后,就长期有效了。 二、有效期五年无需年检 国籍证书Registration(有船旗国签发一年,也有长期有效的)、电台执照RSL(有船旗国签发一年,和国籍证书一致)、国际防止生活污水污染证书ISPP、散装固体货物证书IMSBC(各船级社关于这本证书要求不同,有要求年检的,有不要求年检的)、船员居住舱室证书CA(有船旗国签发四年)等。 三、有效期五年无需年检,但需要中间审核 安全管理证书SMC、国际船舶保安证书ISSC、国际劳工证书MLC2006等。 四、有效期五年,需要年检 船级证书CLASS、货船安全构造证书SC、货船安全设备证书SE、货船安全无线电证书SR、国际载重线证书LL、国际防止油污染证书IOPP、国际防止空气污染证书IAPP、国际压载水管理证书BWMC、符合证明DOC(发给公司的,但船上要有副本)等。 另外,关于年检周年日的确定,SOLAS公约第I章第2条定义中,明确说明了周年日,是指与相关证书期满之日对应的每年的该月该日。 即下次年检的时间,不依上次年检时间、不依证书签发时间来计算,而是以长期证书到期日为准。 如证书2020年8月8日到期,那么在2020年之前的四次年检(2016年、2017年、2018年和2019年),均应在这四年中每年的8月8日前后三个月内时行。 3. 船舶证书BCC国际防止空气污染证书(IAPP)、燃油公约证书(BCC) 4. 船舶itc证书01 船舶登记证书 CERTIFICATE OF REGISTRY 船舶登记证书,也称为船舶国籍证书该证书是由船旗国政府颁发。 该证书的有效期各船旗国规定不同,一般为五至十年。我国规定,该证书有效期为十年。有些国家和地区政府规定为五年,比如香港地区政府颁发的登记证书就为五年。 任何一艘船舶,建造之后,或者被购买之后,船舶所有人,即船东,必须向一个国家的政府主管机关进行登记,注册,取得登记国的国籍,悬挂登记国的国旗,并以登记国的某一个港口作为船籍港,由船舶登记国家主管机关颁发船舶登记证书。 02 船舶国际吨位证书 INTERNATIONAL TONNAGE CERTIFICATE 简称ITC证书,该证书也称69吨位证书,是由船旗国政府主管机关或由主管机关授权的船舶检验机构---船级社代表船旗国政府签发。 该证书中以船舶总吨作为衡量船舶规模的大小,以船舶净吨作为营运舱容,并作为上交税款和港口收费的计算基础。 该证书中的船舶吨位,是以船舶容积为单位进行衡量,因此,船舶吨位证书中的吨位称为容积吨。 03 船舶最低安全配员证书 MINIMUM SAFETY MANNING CERTIFICATE 该证书是由船旗国政府主管部门签发,在该证书内,规定了每一具体船舶,对于相关职务的人员所应配备的最低配员。如若船舶上每一相关职务的实际配员少于证书中规定的相关配员数,则船舶为不适航而不能开航。 该证书的有效期因各国政府规定不同而不同,有些国家规定为二年,而有些国家规定为五年。有效期间不需要年度检验。 04 船员住舱证书 CREW ACCOMMODATION CERTIFICATE 该证书是由船旗国政府或由船旗国政府授权的船舶检验机构---船级社检验并签发。 该证书证明了,某一具体船舶的船员住舱、生活条件、生活环境符合国际劳工组织的有关规定。 该证书有效期为五年,每年需由船舶检验机构进行年度检验并对证书进行年度签证,五年一次特别检验,换发新证书。 05 船舶电台执照 SHIP STATION LICENCE 船舶电台执照,由船旗国政府主管部门颁发。 证书上列明了船舶电台所配备的无线电通讯设备名称和数量,以及无线电通讯的交费账号。 本执照表示某一船舶配备所属的无线电通讯设备的合法性。 该执照有效期各国政府主管机关规定不一,基本上分为短期和长期两种,短期为一年,长期为五年。 上述由船旗国政府主管机关颁发的证书称为政府法定法律证书。 06 船舶入级证书 CERTIFICATE OF CLASSIFICATION 船舶入级证书包括船体入级证书和轮机入级证书,是由船舶入级的检验机构---船级社签发,船级表明了船舶达到的一种技术状况指标。 船体入级证书主要是指船壳,使用的材料,载重线的勘划,达到什么样的强度,适合在什么样的航区航行,船舶在船舶检验机构的监督下建造完毕,经检验机构检验合格后,授予该检验机构一定的船级符号。 07 船舶国际载重线证书 INTERNATIONAL LOAD LINE CERTIFICATE 简称LL证书,船舶载重线证书由船舶入级的检验机构---船级社进行检验签发。 船舶载重线证书有效期五年,每年进行一次年度检验,并对证书进行年度签证,每五年进行一次特别检验,换发新证书,开始新的循环。 08 船舶安全构造证书 CARGO SHIP SAFETY CONSTRUCTION CERTIFICATE 简称SC证书,船舶安全构造证书由船舶入级的检验机构---船级社检验签发。 该证书载明了船舶安放龙骨的时间及建造年月,证书表明,船舶的结构和构造符合海上人命安全公约的各项相关要求,在结构和构造上达到了相关海上安全的技术要求标准。 证书有效期为五年,每年进行年度检验并对证书进行签证。 09 货船安全无线电证书 CARGO SHIP SAFETY RADIO CERTIFICATE 简称SR证书,船舶无线电证书由船舶入级的检验机构---船级社检验签发。 证书表明,船舶所配备的无线电设备符合国际海上人命安全公约的相关要求,包括全球海上遇险和搜救系统所要求的设备及技术功能达到了所要求的技术指标。 船舶安全无线电证书,有些船级社规定有效期为一年,每年进行检验,并换发新证书。 有些船级社实行五年协调证书,有效期为五年,每年进行年度检验并对证书进行签证。每五年进行一次特别检验,换发新证书。 中国船级社实行的是五年协调证书,有效期为五年。 010 货船安全设备证书 CARGO SHIP SAFETY EQUIPMENT CERTIFICATE 简称SE证书,船舶安全设备证书,由船舶入级的检验机构---船级社检验签发。 证书表明,船舶所配备的安全设备符合国际海上人命安全公约的相关要求,安全设备主要包括安全消防、救生设备。 对货船来讲,船舶的实际船员数量不应超过该定员数量,对客船来说,船舶的船员和旅客总数,亦不能超过该载明的人员数量。 011 国际船舶防止油污证书INTERNATIONAL OIL POLLUTION PREVENTION CERTIFICATE 简称IOPP证书,国际船舶防止油污证书,由船舶入级的检验机构---船级社检验签发。 该证书表明,某一具体船舶已经按公约要求,配备并安装了符合公约要求的防止油污染的相关设备并达到了公约要求的技术指标。 作为该证书的支持文件是该证书的附件FORM-A。 在FORM-A中,列出了某一具体船舶配备的防止油污染的防污设备的名称、数量和技术性能,其中包括油水分离器、15PPM报警设备、焚烧炉、污油舱、污水舱等。 该证书有效期为五年,每年进行年度检验并对证书进行年度检验签证,每一年进行一次特别检验,换发新证书。 012 国际船舶防止空气污染证书INTERNATIONA AIR POLLUTIONS PREVENTION CERTIFICATE 简称IAPP证书,国际船舶防止空气污染证书由船舶入级的检验机构—船级社检验签发,这是于2005年5月19日生效的一种新的国际船舶证书。 该证书表明某一具体船舶已经按照〈规则〉的要求,对船舶产生对臭氧消耗的设备以及对燃料油中的含硫量已进行了有效的控制,符合规则要求的排放标准。 该证书有效期为五年,每年进行年度检验并对证书进入年度签证,每五年进行一次特别检验并换发新证书。 013 防止生活污水污染证书 SEWAGE POLLUTION PREVENTION CERTIFICATE 该证书由船舶入级的检验机构---船级社签发。 证书内载明了生活污水处理装置的种类,包括粪便柜,污水处理装置等设备的性能,容积,各项技术指标等。 证书有效期为五年. 每年进行年度检验并对证书进行年度签证,五年进行一次特别检验换发新证书。 014 除鼠或免预除鼠证书 DERATTING OR DERATTING EXEMPTION CERTIFICATE 除鼠与免予除鼠证书是完全不同的两个证书,其作用是一样的。 除鼠证书是说明该轮经过了除鼠工作,但不保证船上没有老鼠,因此除鼠工作需经常进行并有相关记录,特别是在换发新证书时,必须经过除鼠。 而免预除鼠证书是说明船上没有老鼠,不需要进行除鼠。 绝大部分船上使用的是免预除鼠证书。 该证书是根据国际卫生组织有关规定,由任何一个港口的港口卫生当局签发,有效期为6个月,不能展期。 现在,根据国际卫生组织的规定,原来的〈除鼠或免预除鼠证书〉改为〈卫生控制证书〉,有效期为一年,在证书的功能方面除了原来的功能外,还增添了对流行性疾病等卫生问题的控制。 仍然由港口卫生检疫部门签发。 015 船公司安全管理符合证明(副本) DOCUMENT OF COMPLIANCE(COPY) 简称“DOC”证书,该证书先由发证机关对船公司进行审核,认证,认为该公司已经按《国际安全管理规则》进行了管理,并符合规则的要求,然后向船公司签发该证书。 该证书正本一份,由船公司主管部门保存,并负责进行每年的年度审核和签证,每条船上持有一份副本。 该证书有效期为五年,每年进行年度审核和签证,(由公司进行)年度签证可提前或推后三个月。 船舶必须持有最新的DOC副本,船舶只有在持有有效的DOC副本情况下,船舶的《安全管理证书》才有效。 016 船舶安全管理证书 SAFETY MANAGEMENT CERTIFICATE 简称SMC证书,该证书与公司的DOC 证书相辅相成,签发的依据完全相同。 该证书只有在船公司取DOC证书的情况下,经发证机关对船舶经过审核,认证,认为符合《国际安全管理规则》,向船舶签发. 是船舶按《国际全管理规则》要求,运行安全管理体系有效的证明文件。 该证书有效期为五年.在取得该证书后2—3年时间,由发证机关进行期间审核,称为“外审”,并对证书进行签证。 “外审”虽然不需每年进行,但是必须每年由公司进行内部审核,即“内审”该证书只有同时持有船公司“DOC“副本情况下才有效。 017 国际船舶保安证书 INTERNATIONAL SHIP SECURITY CERTIFICATE 简称ISSC证书,《国际船舶保安证书》与《船舶连续概要记录》一起,是于2004年7月1日生效的新证书。 该证书是由船旗国政府授权的审核认证机构代表船旗国政府进行认证、评估和签发。 该证书有效期为五年,在二年半至三年期间,由认证机构进行期间审核,并对证书进行审核签证,每五年进行一次换证审核,换发新证书。 同《船舶安全管理证书》一样,五年期间内,每年由船公司进行一次内部审核。 船舶连续概要记录,作为《船舶安全证书》的支持文件,与证书一起使用。 018 苏伊士运河吨位证书 SUEZ CANAL SPECIAL TONNAGE CERTIFICATE 该证书根据苏伊士运河船舶吨位丈量方式,由船舶入级的船舶检验机构---船级社代表苏伊士运河当局签发,上面载有按苏伊士运河吨位丈量方式得出的苏伊士运河总吨和苏伊士运河净吨等各项专用数椐,作为船舶通过苏伊士运河时的收费计算基础。 该证书一经签发,如船舶规范没有发生改变,则长期有效,期间无需检验和签证。 019 巴拿马运河吨位证书 PANAMA CANAL SPECIAL TONNAGE CERTIFICATE 该证书由巴拿马运河局直接签发或由船舶入级的船级社代表运河局签发,证书内载有按巴拿马运河局吨位丈量规范丈量出的巴拿马运河总吨和净吨,以及运河局授予的运河识别码,运河吨位,作为船舶通过巴拿马运河时的收费计算基础。 因为巴拿马运河船闸的宽度限制了通过巴拿马运河的船舶的规模,所以,如船舶规模不能通过巴拿马运河,则船舶不需要持有该证书。 如同苏伊士运河吨位证书一样,该证书一经签发,如船舶规范没有变化,则长期有效,期间不需检验和签证。内载有巴拿马运河专用总吨和净吨及运河识别码。 020 救生筏年度检验证书 SERVICING CERTIFICATE FOR INFLATABLE LIFERAFT 船舶上所配备的救生筏必须每年进行法定的年度检验,检验证书有效期为一年,不能延期。 检验部门为由船舶检验机构—船级社认可并授权的有资质的检验机构。 年度检验证书并附带相应的检验报告作为支持文件。 021 磁罗经自差表 MAGNETIC COMPASS DEVIATION 磁罗经自差是由于船舶本身磁场对磁罗经的影响而使磁罗经产生的误差,是磁罗经航向与真航向之间的罗经差的一部分。 为了尽量减小磁罗经的误差,因此必须每年要对磁罗经进行校正,并对不可消除的罗经误差进行记录制表,置于驾驶室内,以便日常航行中参考和使用。 按要求,磁罗经自差表每年至少校正一次, 校正 人员为有资质的罗经校正师,或有资质的船长或大副。 022 装载固体散货符合证书 CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE FOR THE CARRIAGE OF SOLID CARGOES 该证书不是所有船舶的必备证书。 该证书由船舶入级的检验机构---船级社签发,证书表明,某一具体船舶经检验,符合《国际固体散货运输规则》的相关要求,可以装运固体散货。 该证书没有固定的有效时间规定.,只要船舶规范符合“BC CODE”要求,也可以作为临时证书办理。 023 装运危险品符合证书 DOCUMENT OF COMPLIANCE ---- SPECIAL REQUIREMENT FOR SHIP CARRYING DANGEROUS GOODS 该证书不是所有船舶必备证书。 该证书由船舶入级的检验机构---船级社签发,证明该船可以装运某些级别的危险品。 该证书没有固定的有效期限规定,也不需要年度检验和签证.,同时,也可以临时办理。 024 起货设备证书及签证薄 CARGO GEAR EQUIPMENT CERTIFICATE 货船起货设备是指安装于船舶上,用于船舶货物装卸的起重设备,包括吊杆,克令吊,平衡吊,重吊等。 该证书仅对装有起货设备的船舶适应,由船舶入级的检验机构---船级社签发,有效期为四年,每年进行年度检验,进行实际荷重试验,并在起货设备签证簿上进行检验项目签证,作为证书的支持文件。 每四年一次特别检验,换发新证书。 025 油污损害民事责任保险证书或其他财务保证书 简称CLC证书, 此证书针对不同船舶有两种,两种证书实质完全相同,都简称为CLC证书。 最初仅对油轮有要求,但近几年来,根据公约规则的不断修正,新的条款不断增加,因此,除了油轮以外,非油轮船舶也要求持有该证书。 该证书由船公司向本地政府海事主管部门提出申请,由政府海事主管部门签发。 该证书表明,某一具体船舶已由船公司进行了油污染的保险投保,或提供了其他的担保。 026 美国油污染财务责任证书 VESSEL CERTIFICATE OF FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY(WATER POLLUTION) 此证书是美国政府规定的油污染民事赔偿责任证书,赴美船舶必须办理,由船公司向美国政府办理,有效期为三年,不去美国的船舶不需办理。 该证书在加拿大和巴拿马同样有效。 027 船舶油污应急计划 SHIPBOARD OIL POLLUTION EMERGENCY PLAN,简称SOPEP 该计划是根椐〈经1978年议定书修订的1973年国际防止船舶造成污染公约》 即MARPOL 73/78的要求所制定。 该计划必须由船舶检验机关检验盖章认可。 船长每到一个港口应如前面所述,在相应部分填写相关内容. 每月对有关器材进行检查,并填入相关栏内。 028 船舶垃圾处理计划 SHIP‘S GARBAGE MANAGEMENT PLAN 该计划是船公司根椐《经1978年议定书修订的1973年国际防止船舶造成污染公约》即MARPOL 73/78所制定,必须由船舶检验机关检验盖章认可。 副本由船长保存,正本由船舶大副保存并具体负责实施。 029 船舶油类记录簿 OIL RECORD BOOK 船舶油类记录簿是船舶执行MARPOL 73/78公约的法定记录文件,也是船舶执行防污染的证明文件。 由船舶轮机长负责记录和保管,记录的格式为MARPOL 73/78公约法定格式,记录内容包括按照MARPOL 73/78公约的要求,对船舶油类的一切操作过程和污油水的处理经过,包括数量,处理方式,处理时间、处理地点等。 记录人必须在每一次记录之后签字。同时,每一页记录完毕之后,由船长签字认可并负责。 030 船舶垃圾记录簿 GARBAGE RECORD BOOK 船舶垃圾记录簿作为船舶实施垃圾管理计划的实施记录,是船舶执行MARPOL 73/78公约的法定记录文件,也是船舶执行防污染的证明文件。 由船舶大副保管和记录,记录格式为法定格式,记录内容为按照MARPOL 73/78的要求,将船舶垃圾包括生活垃圾、普通垃圾、油类垃圾、塑料垃圾、货舱清扫后的残渣等按类处理方式、数量、时间、地点等,详细记录。 记录人必须在每一次记录之后签字,同时,每一页记录完毕之后,由船长签字认可并负责。 031 船舶压载水管理计划 SHIP‘S BALLAST WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN 该计划是船公司根椐〈经1978年议定书修订的1973年国际防止船舶造成污染公约》MARPOL 73/78相关修正案制定。 必须由船舶检验机关检验盖章认可。 该计划具体由大副保管并负责具体实施。 032 船舶保险单 (正本) HULL INSURANCE POLICY 一年一份,是船舶向保险公司投保的凭证。正本由船舶保存,副本由船公司航运部门保存。 033 船东互保协会入会证明 P&I CERTIFICATE 是船舶加入船东互保协会的入会证明及保险条款,有效期为一年。 各种收费证明:如方便旗船的船旗国吨税收椐,所去各港口国的吨税收椐。 034 各港口国控制安全检查报告 PORT STATE CONTROL INSPECTION REPORT 简称PSC报告,该报告是各港口国控制对到港船舶的安全检查报告,实施检查的机构是港口国政府海事主管部门。 检查的依据和标准是相关的国际公约、法律、法规,对于存在缺陷的船舶,根据缺陷的轻重程度,共有30种处理方式,大体分为;限期整改、开航前整改、滞留船舶。 035 船旗国安全检查报告 FLAG STATE INSPECTION REPORT 这是由船旗国政府海事主管部门对船舶进行的安全检查。 5. 船舶smc证书每年都要审核吗csr为船舶共同结构规范,必须满足规范的要求;普通船舶不受这个规范影响。 6. 船舶ccs证书是什么意思质监局的一般是普通的UT探伤操作证书,CCS的是可以在船舶相关行业进行操作,没有CCS或其他船级社的证书的话是不能做这些的;机械协会的也一样,都是有局限性的,还有压力容器的也不一样。每种证书的针对范围不同,具体的操作也有区别,希望能帮到你 7. ccs船舶证书船级证书(Certificate of Classification)是船舶检验机构根据一定标准划分的等级规定结合船舶的结构和技术状况确定船舶的船级所签发的一种证书。 它是船舶技术和性能状况的标志,也是表示船舶是否具有适航性的重要条件。船级在我国由交通部船舶检验局根据船舶入级规范进行监造检验确定,国外一般由公认的船级社承办。 |
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